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To whom did the 13 colonies provide raw materials?
What are the 3Gs?
What does a tariff do?
What was the start of the United Statesโ debt?
What was the state of the economy in the 13 colonies after they won the American Revolutionary War?
What is one characteristic of a republic?
When an explorer was successful, what happened to the economy of the country he represented?
How did the Agricultural Revolution change life in America?
Why were the 13 colonies established?
Which of the following was MOST important in the transition from an agricultural-based society to an industrialized society?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of economic globalization?
What happened during the Agricultural Revolution?
The North and the South disagreed about slavery and ______ before the Civil War.
Which prominent American advocated the continuation of an agrarian economy when the first American president was inaugurated?
What happened during the Age of Exploration?
Which goal was part of the American System?
Economies of scale reduce the ______ of production.
Which of the following helps people in different regions interact peacefully?
Which of the following is an internal improvements project?
Overall, the American System promoted ______.
In the late nineteenth century, the majority of factory workers were ______.
How did the Navigation Acts affect the economy of the 13 colonies?
How did the Industrial Revolution help grow the American economy?
Who receives subsidies?
Why do some politicians promote economic globalization?
Which statement about war is FALSE?
The Enlightenment supported beliefs that challenged ______.
When did economic globalization begin?
Which of the following is TRUE about the Scientific Revolution?
What is gold in the 3Gs?
The line that separates Thailand from Cambodia is a(n) ______.
Southeast Asia is a(n) ______.
A region that has characteristics that cannot be changed is a ______ region.
A school district in an example of a(n) ______ region.
The French Quarter in New Orleans, Louisiana, can be described as a(n) _____ region.
The statement that the equator is located at 0ยฐ00โ00โโ is an example of a(n) ______ location.
If Quito, the capital of Ecuador, is described as a city in the central part of Ecuador, a South American country, what type of location has been presented?
A coral reef is an example of which type of ecosystem?
A community of organisms connected to their environment is a(n) ______.
Which of the following would be found in a freshwater ecosystem?
A tundra is a cold, windy, treeless region. Which of the following states or countries has tundra?
Which geographic tool would be BEST to show mountain ranges and valleys?
What geographic tool would BEST show changes in rainfall over a decade?
A diagram would be BEST used to show ______.
If engineers needed to know the best location to build a road across a mountain range, what would be the BEST geographic tool for them to use?
If a transportation company wants to know the shortest distance between travel points, what would be the BEST geographic tool for them to use?
If a family moves from Peru to Spain to live, they are ______ to Spain.
A person who moves is a(n) ______.
If a woman moves from China, she is a(n) ______ from China when she moves to the United States.
Vast numbers of ______ came to the United States through Ellis Island during the Industrial Revolution of the 1880s and 1890s.
Americans living in Mexico are part of the American ______.
Celebrating birthdays by blowing out candles on a cake is part of oneโs ______.
What is the difference between cultural diffusion and cultural assimilation?
Eating crepes in a French restaurant in Melbourne, Australia, is an example of cultural ______.
Immigrants from Cambodia who love American hot dogs are an example of cultural ______.
The worldโs population is ______.
One of the reasons for the changing number of people on Earth is ______.
Subsistence farming means ______.
People moving from farms to cities are an example of ______.
The services and facilities a city or similar locale needs to function properly are the ______ of the area.
2211 Lower Avenue is an example of a(n) ______.
Which of the following regions includes desert ecosystems?
Which geographical tool would be BEST to explain a historical event, such as the linking of the railroads that formed the first transcontinental railroad?
A multigenerational family is one that ______.
A change made to the Constitution is called a(n) ______.
The steps for making a change to the Constitution are known as the ______.
How many amendments have been ratified?
Who is allowed to propose an amendment?
What does a proposed amendment need to become a law?
Which BEST defines individual rights?
Why did the Framers create the Bill of Rights?
The first 10 amendments to the Constitution are known as the ______.
Which amendment gives citizens the right to bear arms?
Performing jury duty is a(n) ______.
Which of the following is a civic responsibility?
Which amendment promises all citizens due process before punishment?
Which amendment protects a personโs right to protest at a march in Washington?
Why did the Framers believe the Constitution needed the Third Amendment?
Which amendment protects peopleโs right to practice their religion without government interference?
Quartering is another word for ______.
The freedoms granted to every individual, including the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, are known as ______.
Which group insisted that the Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution?
When a constitutional amendment becomes law, it has been ______.
Which amendment guarantees rights to the people that are not enumerated in the Constitution?
Fill in the missing step.
Which article of the Constitution allows for constitutional amendments?
Which BEST describes a joint resolution?
Which BEST defines the word enumerated?
What does the Sixth Amendment provide?
How many amendments are included in the Bill of Rights?
Which is the BEST example of a person who is indigent?
Which BEST defines the word ratify?
Why did the Founders include Article V in the Constitution?
Which of the following BEST describes due process?
The U.S. GDP is the dollar value of all final goods and services ______
What happens when a country limits inflation?
If a countryโs GDP is rising, ______
Who tracks the price changes in the United States that are presented in the Consumer Price Index?
What happens when the government prints too much money?
Real GDP controls for changes in ______.
What happens when production costs increase?
Values that increase or decrease with inflation and deflation are called ______ values.
Why are workers laid off during periods of recession?
Why arenโt financial transactions included in GDP?
Which of the following is a goal in a good economy?
An employee gets a 5 percent raise at a time when there is 4 percent inflation. The employeeโs nominal wage ______.
GDP measures ______
Should societies expect to have unemployment in a good economy?
When there is deflation, each dollar of income ______
Which is a reason why the Fed would increase the money supply?
Which of the following is true about fiscal policy?
When the Federal Reserve buys U.S. bonds, ______
Why is a stabilization policy put in place?
When the Federal Reserve increases the discount rate to banks, ______
What is the Consumer Price Index?
The Federal Reserve ______
Which of the following is a characteristic of structural unemployment?
If the Federal Reserve conducts an open market purchase of bonds, what will occur?
Which of the following is a cause of inflation?
What can be done to counter a recession?
How does the Federal Reserve increase or decrease the supply of money in the economy?
What happens during a bank run?
A decrease in purchasing power is called ______.
Which of the following is NOT included in GDP?
What is the goal of households in a market economy?
Resources are allocated most efficiently in a ______
Which resource is sold by households and bought by firms in a resource market?
With a monopoly, there is/are ______
Law of demand states that ______
What makes the circular flow in a circular flow model function?
In product markets, who are the buyers?
Why is it profitable for discount stores to sell elastic goods at a low price?
Minimum wage for labor ______
APR is found ______
Which is an example of injection in the circular flow model?
As individuals consume more of a good, ______
In the circular flow model, funds flow from households to firms through ______.
What is the goal of firms in the marketplace?
Which one of the following is NOT a benefit of a placing a price ceiling on certain goods?
What is a credit cardโs interest rate?
If the price of a good rises, ______
The circular flow of income flows endlessly as long as ______
Which type of financial institution prioritizes helping a farmer expand a family farm?
What role do financial institutions play in the circular flow of income?
According to the law of supply, when the price of widgets goes up, ______
Which of the following BEST describes an entrepreneur?
What is needed for economic interdependence?
Why is electricity an inelastic good?
An individual considers peanut butter a normal good and marshmallow an inferior good. It can be predicted that with an increase in income, the individual will consume ______
Price controls are set when ______
Which of the following is true about debit cards?
______ reduce the flow of income in the circular flow model.
An effective price ceiling will ______
Which type of company can earn an economic profit indefinitely?
Which BEST defines political parties?
Which issue led to the formation of the first political parties?
Which of the following is an example of U.S. public policy?
Which kind of organization spreads information through social media to effect political change?
Which of the following is a general election?
What is the purpose of a primary election?
Which BEST defines a town hall meeting?
What is the title of the people who elect the president of the United States?
Which of the following is a requirement for voting?
Which BEST defines contemporary public policy?
Which of the following is a function of a political party?
When did differing ideas that developed into political parties begin to emerge?
How did George Washington MOST LIKELY feel about political parties?
Who founded the Democratic-Republican party?
Which political party is known as the GOP?
Which of the following presidents was a prominent Democrat?
Which political partyโs main focuses are environmentalism and social justice?
Which political party is associated with Theodore Roosevelt?
Which BEST defines an interest group?
Why do some people dislike lobbyists?
How often do national elections take place?
The election of a governor is a ______ election.
How do people vote for a candidate?
A primary election determines which candidate will ______.
Which of the following is an example of a political campaign?
Which of the following groups is NOT allowed to vote in American elections?
Which is the BEST example of a town hall meeting?
Which BEST defines the popular vote?
Which of the following people won the popular vote but not the presidency?
Which branch of government is responsible for implementing the public policy funded by the legislative branch?
From whom did the Founders get ideas for the U.S. Constitution?
Which of the following principles does the following quote address? โWe hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.โ
Who first introduced the idea of natural rights?
According to John Locke, what is the principal role of government?
According to the rule of law, all people are ______ in the eyes of the law.
If a government has the consent of the governed, it is said to have ______.
The Founders wanted to create โa government of ______, not men.โ
The idea that government officialsโ power over citizens should be limited is known as ______.
Which branch of the government makes laws?
Splitting authority among multiple branches of government is known as ______.
Which branch of the government enforces laws?
Which branch of government is headed by the president?
The Founders created checks and balances so that the branches of the government would ______.
Electing the candidate who receives more than half of the votes is known as ______.
What does it mean to have minority rights?
In the United States, power is divided between the federal government and ______ governments.
According to popular sovereignty, who holds the ultimate power in government?
Dividing a countryโs power between a national government and smaller units is known as _______.
Freedom of religion is a(n) ______.
To what principle does James Madison refer in the following quote? โThe accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many, and whether hereditary, self-appointed, or elective, may justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny.โ
Which of the following is an example of the rule of law in action?
Which BEST fits on the blank lines in the graphic organizer?
Which of the following is MOST LIKELY a belief of an anti-federalist?
Which of the following is an example of minority rights in action?
Which principle of American constitutional democracy ensures that every human being should be allowed to live and be free?
What is another name for the first 10 amendments of the U.S. Constitution?
Why was the rule of law a revolutionary concept?
For which of the following is the federal government responsible?
What was one significant change in the Constitution from the Articles of Confederation?
Why did some Founders resist a powerful central government?
Those who study economics understand ______
Which of the following is considered a basic assumption in economics?
What does the expression โThereโs no such thing as a free lunchโ imply?
Trade promotes economic progress because it ______
Which country gains when trading goods?
What do the terms of trade measure?
When individuals increase their personal wealth by creating goods and services that they offer for trade, they ______
What drives economic progress?
A company designs a smartphone with an extra-small screen. What should it do if the smartphone fails to sell?
A nationโs living standard increases when ______
A country should specialize in trade when it has ______
The invisible hand principle is at work in which instance?
Who/what controls consumption in a command economy?
Why do centrally planned economies fail?
What is one of the factors displayed in a production possibilities curve graph?
When a production possibilities curve graph has a straight line, there is ______
What must a country do if it wants to generate a point outside the curve on a production possibilities curve graph?
What is an opportunity cost?
Money, land, time, and labor are ______.
Societies have ______
When making a decision about how resources are used, the ______ has more value than another choice that was available.
The study of decision making and economic behavior of individuals, families, and businesses is called ______.
Sue and Jane complete homework that was assigned in class. The input table below gives the time it takes to complete their homework in hours. Who has comparative advantage in producing essays?
What is the prime motivator in making a decision on how to allocate resources?
When analyzing production possibilities with a production possibilities curve graph, which assumption is correct?
What type of goods are created for direct consumption?
______ help(s) ensure that the best goods or services are offered to consumers at a lower price.
Which of the following is an example of a capital good?
In economics, it is assumed that individuals make decisions by ______
What is human capital?
Which of the following BEST defines separation of powers?
Why did the Framers of the Constitution want separation of powers explained in the Constitution?
Which detail about the legislative branch is TRUE?
Which of the following is often called the Upper House?
Which position has a two-year term?
Which BEST defines the job of the Speaker of the House?
Which of the following is the BEST example of an enumerated power?
Which of the following is an enumerated power?
How long does a justice serve on the Supreme Court?
What is the name of the constitutional provision that allows Congress additional powers if necessary?
What is the title of the spokesperson of the Supreme Court?
Which of the following is a member of the cabinet?
The ______ is the head of the executive branch of the federal government.
Which of the following is a requirement for running for president?
Who takes over the presidency if the president cannot fulfill the duties of the presidency?
Which of the following is a power of the judicial branch?
Which department has the responsibility of upholding the nationโs responsibilities to Native Americans?
Which executive department is in charge of overseeing borders and immigration?
Concurrent powers are shared by ______.
Each state has its own ______.
Which phrase BEST fits on the blank lines in the graphic organizer?
What is the term for the process by which the Supreme Court determines whether laws are constitutional?
Which of the following is the BEST definition of impeach?
What does it mean that Congress is bicameral?
How often does the United States do a census?
Which words are missing from the following quote from the U.S. Constitution? The _____ of the United States shall be composed of two _____ from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each _____ shall have one Vote.
States with larger populations have more representatives in the House than states with smaller populations because ______
Which of the following is the highest court in the United States?
How are the House of Representatives and Senate alike?
How are the House of Representatives and Senate different?
Which BEST describes the government of the United States?
What is often called the supreme law of the United States?
Why did the American colonists revolt against Great Britain?
A government run by all of the people governed is called a(n) ______.
In a constitutional democracy, the constitution ______ the power of the government.
Who holds the most power in a democracy?
Which BEST defines federalism?
How is a representative democracy different from a direct democracy?
Who were the American colonists?
What is one reason the colonists were angry with British rulers?
The first document the colonists created to outline their system of government was the _______.
Where did the Founders meet to draft the U.S. Constitution?
King George III was a(n) _______.
Which BEST describes the federal government of the United States under the Articles of Confederation?
Which of the following is a significant difference between the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution?
After the U.S. Constitution was signed, America became a ______ democracy.
Which BEST defines an absolute monarchy?
Which BEST defines a direct democracy?
Which of the following is an example of direct democracy in the United States today?
How does a person become leader in a monarchy?
Which BEST describes checks and balances?
This quote from John Adams argues for what type of government? โAs good government is an empire of laws, how shall your laws be made? In a large society, inhabiting an extensive country, it is impossible that the whole should assemble to make laws. The first necessary step, then, is to depute power from the many to a few of the most wise and good.โ
How did the colonists first resist what they believed to be unfair treatment by the British?
North Koreaโs government is a(n) ______.
Which of the following is the type of government in which power belongs to a small group of people?
Which of the following was a motivation for replacing the Articles of Confederation with the U.S. Constitution?
This excerpt from The Federalist Papers refers to which American principle? โThe powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government are few and defined. Those which are to remain in the State governments are numerous and indefinite.โ
In which of the following types of government do individuals have the most power?
According to this excerpt from the Articles of Confederation, what type of government were the colonies establishing? โNo State shall be represented in Congress by less than two, nor more than seven members; and no person shall be capable of being a delegate for more than three years in any term of six years.โ
Which article of the Constitution describes the powers of Congress?
Read the excerpt from the Treaty of Versailles below and answer the following question.
โGermany acknowledges and will respect strictly the independence of Austria, within the frontiers which may be fixed in a Treaty between that State and the Principal Allied and Associated Powers; she agrees that this independence shall be inalienable, except with the consent of the Council of the League of Nations.
โฆ
The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.”
โฆ
By a date which must not be later than March 31, 1920, the German Army must not comprise more than seven divisions of infantry and three divisions of cavalry.
After that date the total number of effectives in the Army of the States constituting Germany must not exceed one hundred thousand men, including officers and establishments of depots. The Army shall be devoted exclusively to the maintenance of order within the territory and to the control of the frontiers.โ
Which of the following countries would have been MOST LIKELY to want to change the German army into an exclusively defensive one?
Read the excerpt from the Treaty of Versailles below and answer the following question.
โGermany acknowledges and will respect strictly the independence of Austria, within the frontiers which may be fixed in a Treaty between that State and the Principal Allied and Associated Powers; she agrees that this independence shall be inalienable, except with the consent of the Council of the League of Nations.
โฆ
The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.”
โฆ
By a date which must not be later than March 31, 1920, the German Army must not comprise more than seven divisions of infantry and three divisions of cavalry.
After that date the total number of effectives in the Army of the States constituting Germany must not exceed one hundred thousand men, including officers and establishments of depots. The Army shall be devoted exclusively to the maintenance of order within the territory and to the control of the frontiers.โ
What is the MOST LIKELY explanation for why the victorious Entente wanted to prevent a union between Germany and Austria?
Read the excerpt from the Treaty of Versailles below and answer the following question.
โGermany acknowledges and will respect strictly the independence of Austria, within the frontiers which may be fixed in a Treaty between that State and the Principal Allied and Associated Powers; she agrees that this independence shall be inalienable, except with the consent of the Council of the League of Nations.
โฆ
The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.”
โฆ
By a date which must not be later than March 31, 1920, the German Army must not comprise more than seven divisions of infantry and three divisions of cavalry.
After that date the total number of effectives in the Army of the States constituting Germany must not exceed one hundred thousand men, including officers and establishments of depots. The Army shall be devoted exclusively to the maintenance of order within the territory and to the control of the frontiers.โ
How did Germans react to the clause establishing German guilt for the war?
Which of the following countries was a member of the Triple Entente?
Which of the following answers BEST explains how the alliance system contributed to the outbreak of war in 1914?
While many groups were targeted in the Holocaust, which of the following groups was chiefly persecuted in Nazi Germany?
How did the Great Depression contribute to the start of another war?
The following passage is an excerpt from Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points, his proposal for the peace system after World War I. Read the passage and answer the question below.
โAbsolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.
โฆ
A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined.
โฆ
A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.โ
What is the general association of nations to which Wilson refers?
The following passage is an excerpt from Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points, his proposal for the peace system after World War I. Read the passage and answer the question below.
โAbsolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.
โฆ
A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined.
โฆ
A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.โ
Which of the following BEST explains what the effect of Wilson calling for an โimpartial adjustment of all colonial claimsโ might have been?
The following passage is an excerpt from Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points, his proposal for the peace system after World War I. Read the passage and answer the question below.
โAbsolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.
โฆ
A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined.
โฆ
A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.โ
The appeal for free navigation of the seas was intended to resolve which dispute from the prewar period?
Lend-Lease allowed the United States to ______.
Where was the attack that brought the United States into World War II?
What was the effect of World War II on European politics?
Which of the following BEST explains how overseas competition for empire led to World War I?
The following passage is an excerpt from a speech given by Charles Lindbergh in 1941 from the America First movement. Read the passage and answer the question below.
โThere are many โฆ interventionists in America, but there are more people among us of a different type. That is why you and I are assembled here tonight. There is a policy open to this nation that will lead to successโa policy that leaves us free to follow our own way of life, and to develop our own civilization. It is not a new and untried idea. It was advocated by Washington. It was incorporated in the Monroe Doctrine. Under its guidance, the United States became the greatest nation in the world.
It is based upon the belief that the security of a nation lies in the strength and character of its own people. It recommends the maintenance of armed forces sufficient to defend this hemisphere from attack by any combination of foreign powersโฆ
โฆ
Practically every difficulty we would face in invading Europe becomes an asset to us in defending America. Our enemy, and not we, would then have the problem of transporting millions of troops across the ocean and landing them on a hostile shore. They, and not we, would have to furnish the convoys to transport guns and trucks and munitions and fuel across three thousand miles of water. Our battleships and submarines would then be fighting close to their home bases. We would then do the bombing from the air and the torpedoing at sea. And if any part of an enemy convoy should ever pass our Navy and our air force, they would still be faced with the guns of our coast artillery and behind them the divisions of our Army.โ
What is Lindbergh arguing against with this speech?
The following passage is an excerpt from a speech given by Charles Lindbergh in 1941 from the America First movement. Read the passage and answer the question below.
โThere are many โฆ interventionists in America, but there are more people among us of a different type. That is why you and I are assembled here tonight. There is a policy open to this nation that will lead to successโa policy that leaves us free to follow our own way of life, and to develop our own civilization. It is not a new and untried idea. It was advocated by Washington. It was incorporated in the Monroe Doctrine. Under its guidance, the United States became the greatest nation in the world.
It is based upon the belief that the security of a nation lies in the strength and character of its own people. It recommends the maintenance of armed forces sufficient to defend this hemisphere from attack by any combination of foreign powersโฆ
โฆ
Practically every difficulty we would face in invading Europe becomes an asset to us in defending America. Our enemy, and not we, would then have the problem of transporting millions of troops across the ocean and landing them on a hostile shore. They, and not we, would have to furnish the convoys to transport guns and trucks and munitions and fuel across three thousand miles of water. Our battleships and submarines would then be fighting close to their home bases. We would then do the bombing from the air and the torpedoing at sea. And if any part of an enemy convoy should ever pass our Navy and our air force, they would still be faced with the guns of our coast artillery and behind them the divisions of our Army.โ
Why does Lindbergh believe that the United States would be safe during World War II?
Japan initiated hostilities in which country in 1931?
In Europe prior to World War I, how did the status of the Ottoman Empire affect the lead-up to war?
Which of the following reasons BEST describes why the Axis Pact lost in World War II?
How did the U.S. position of supplying goods in World War I lead to its entry into the war?
The following passage is an excerpt from a speech given by Franklin Roosevelt as his annual message to Congress in 1941. Read the passage and answer the question below.
โArmed defense of democratic existence is now being gallantly waged in four continents. If that defense fails, all the population and all the resources of Europe, Asia, Africa and Australasia will be dominated by the conquerors. Let us remember that the total of those populations and their resources in those four continents greatly exceeds the sum total of the population and the resources of the whole of the Western Hemisphere-many times over.
โฆ
There is much loose talk of our immunity from immediate and direct invasion from across the seas. Obviously, as long as the British Navy retains its power, no such danger exists. Even if there were no British Navy, it is not probable that any enemy would be stupid enough to attack us by landing troops in the United States from across thousands of miles of ocean, until it had acquired strategic bases from which to operate.
The first phase of the invasion of this Hemisphere would not be the landing of regular troops. The necessary strategic points would be occupied by secret agents and their dupes- and great numbers of them are already here, and in Latin America.
โฆ
Our national policy is this:
First, by an impressive expression of the public will and without regard to partisanship, we are committed to all-inclusive national defense.
Second, by an impressive expression of the public will and without regard to partisanship, we are committed to full support of all those resolute peoples, everywhere, who are resisting aggression and are thereby keeping war away from our Hemisphere. By this support, we express our determination that the democratic cause shall prevail; and we strengthen the defense and the security of our own nation.
Third, by an impressive expression of the public will and without regard to partisanship, we are committed to the proposition that principles of morality and considerations for our own security will never permit us to acquiesce in a peace dictated by aggressors and sponsored by appeasers. We know that enduring peace cannot be bought at the cost of other people’s freedom.โ
When Roosevelt suggests that the U.S. policy should be supporting those who are resisting aggression, what policy will this lead to?
The following passage is an excerpt from a speech given by Franklin Roosevelt as his annual message to Congress in 1941. Read the passage and answer the question below.
โArmed defense of democratic existence is now being gallantly waged in four continents. If that defense fails, all the population and all the resources of Europe, Asia, Africa and Australasia will be dominated by the conquerors. Let us remember that the total of those populations and their resources in those four continents greatly exceeds the sum total of the population and the resources of the whole of the Western Hemisphere-many times over.
โฆ
There is much loose talk of our immunity from immediate and direct invasion from across the seas. Obviously, as long as the British Navy retains its power, no such danger exists. Even if there were no British Navy, it is not probable that any enemy would be stupid enough to attack us by landing troops in the United States from across thousands of miles of ocean, until it had acquired strategic bases from which to operate.
The first phase of the invasion of this Hemisphere would not be the landing of regular troops. The necessary strategic points would be occupied by secret agents and their dupes- and great numbers of them are already here, and in Latin America.
โฆ
Our national policy is this:
First, by an impressive expression of the public will and without regard to partisanship, we are committed to all-inclusive national defense.
Second, by an impressive expression of the public will and without regard to partisanship, we are committed to full support of all those resolute peoples, everywhere, who are resisting aggression and are thereby keeping war away from our Hemisphere. By this support, we express our determination that the democratic cause shall prevail; and we strengthen the defense and the security of our own nation.
Third, by an impressive expression of the public will and without regard to partisanship, we are committed to the proposition that principles of morality and considerations for our own security will never permit us to acquiesce in a peace dictated by aggressors and sponsored by appeasers. We know that enduring peace cannot be bought at the cost of other people’s freedom.โ
Why does Roosevelt feel that the Axis powers pose a long-term danger to the United States?
The following passage is an excerpt from a speech given by Franklin Roosevelt as his annual message to Congress in 1941. Read the passage and answer the question below.
โArmed defense of democratic existence is now being gallantly waged in four continents. If that defense fails, all the population and all the resources of Europe, Asia, Africa and Australasia will be dominated by the conquerors. Let us remember that the total of those populations and their resources in those four continents greatly exceeds the sum total of the population and the resources of the whole of the Western Hemisphere-many times over.
โฆ
There is much loose talk of our immunity from immediate and direct invasion from across the seas. Obviously, as long as the British Navy retains its power, no such danger exists. Even if there were no British Navy, it is not probable that any enemy would be stupid enough to attack us by landing troops in the United States from across thousands of miles of ocean, until it had acquired strategic bases from which to operate.
The first phase of the invasion of this Hemisphere would not be the landing of regular troops. The necessary strategic points would be occupied by secret agents and their dupes- and great numbers of them are already here, and in Latin America.
โฆ
Our national policy is this:
First, by an impressive expression of the public will and without regard to partisanship, we are committed to all-inclusive national defense.
Second, by an impressive expression of the public will and without regard to partisanship, we are committed to full support of all those resolute peoples, everywhere, who are resisting aggression and are thereby keeping war away from our Hemisphere. By this support, we express our determination that the democratic cause shall prevail; and we strengthen the defense and the security of our own nation.
Third, by an impressive expression of the public will and without regard to partisanship, we are committed to the proposition that principles of morality and considerations for our own security will never permit us to acquiesce in a peace dictated by aggressors and sponsored by appeasers. We know that enduring peace cannot be bought at the cost of other people’s freedom.โ
How does Roosevelt believe that Axis threats against the United States will begin?
What was Hitlerโs ultimate goal?
Why did the fighting in World War I descend into a stalemate?
As part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany lost parts of the territory it held before World War I. How might this have made Hitlerโs rhetoric more appealing to German people?
Which of the following statements BEST describes Austro-Hungarian relations with Serbia?
The following passage is an editorial in the San Francisco News, published March 6, 1942. Read the passage and answer the question below.
โJapanese leaders in California who are counseling their people, both aliens and native-born, to co-operate with the Army in carrying out the evacuation plans are, in effect, offering the best possible way for all Japanese to demonstrate their loyalty to the United States.
Many aliens and practically all the native-born have been protesting their allegiance to this Government. Although their removal to inland districts outside the military zones may inconvenience them somewhat, even work serious hardships upon some, they must certainly recognize the necessity of clearing the coastal combat areas of all possible fifth columnists and saboteurs. Inasmuch as the presence of enemy agents cannot be detected readily when these areas are thronged by Japanese the only course left is to remove all persons of that race for the duration of the war.
That is a clear-cut policy easily understood. Its execution should be supported by all citizens of whatever racial background, but especially it presents an opportunity to the people of an enemy race to prove their spirit of co-operation and keep their relations with the rest of the population of this country on the firm ground of friendship.
โฆ
Their property will be carefully protected by the Federal Government, their food and shelter will be provided to the extent they are not able to provide it for themselves, and they will be furnished plenty of entertainment and recreation. That is not according to the pattern of the European concentration camp by any means.
Real danger would exist for all Japanese if they remained in the combat area. The least act of sabotage might provoke angry reprisals that easily could balloon into bloody race riots.
We must avoid any chance of that sort of thing. The most sensible, the most humane way to insure against it is to move the Japanese out of harmโs way and make it as easy as possible for them to go and to remain away until the war is over.โ
What event is the author of this passage describing?
The following passage is an editorial in the San Francisco News, published March 6, 1942. Read the passage and answer the question below.
โJapanese leaders in California who are counseling their people, both aliens and native-born, to co-operate with the Army in carrying out the evacuation plans are, in effect, offering the best possible way for all Japanese to demonstrate their loyalty to the United States.
Many aliens and practically all the native-born have been protesting their allegiance to this Government. Although their removal to inland districts outside the military zones may inconvenience them somewhat, even work serious hardships upon some, they must certainly recognize the necessity of clearing the coastal combat areas of all possible fifth columnists and saboteurs. Inasmuch as the presence of enemy agents cannot be detected readily when these areas are thronged by Japanese the only course left is to remove all persons of that race for the duration of the war.
That is a clear-cut policy easily understood. Its execution should be supported by all citizens of whatever racial background, but especially it presents an opportunity to the people of an enemy race to prove their spirit of co-operation and keep their relations with the rest of the population of this country on the firm ground of friendship.
โฆ
Their property will be carefully protected by the Federal Government, their food and shelter will be provided to the extent they are not able to provide it for themselves, and they will be furnished plenty of entertainment and recreation. That is not according to the pattern of the European concentration camp by any means.
Real danger would exist for all Japanese if they remained in the combat area. The least act of sabotage might provoke angry reprisals that easily could balloon into bloody race riots.
We must avoid any chance of that sort of thing. The most sensible, the most humane way to insure against it is to move the Japanese out of harmโs way and make it as easy as possible for them to go and to remain away until the war is over.โ
What is the BEST explanation for why Americans would have supported internment?
The following passage is an editorial in the San Francisco News, published March 6, 1942. Read the passage and answer the question below.
โJapanese leaders in California who are counseling their people, both aliens and native-born, to co-operate with the Army in carrying out the evacuation plans are, in effect, offering the best possible way for all Japanese to demonstrate their loyalty to the United States.
Many aliens and practically all the native-born have been protesting their allegiance to this Government. Although their removal to inland districts outside the military zones may inconvenience them somewhat, even work serious hardships upon some, they must certainly recognize the necessity of clearing the coastal combat areas of all possible fifth columnists and saboteurs. Inasmuch as the presence of enemy agents cannot be detected readily when these areas are thronged by Japanese the only course left is to remove all persons of that race for the duration of the war.
That is a clear-cut policy easily understood. Its execution should be supported by all citizens of whatever racial background, but especially it presents an opportunity to the people of an enemy race to prove their spirit of co-operation and keep their relations with the rest of the population of this country on the firm ground of friendship.
โฆ
Their property will be carefully protected by the Federal Government, their food and shelter will be provided to the extent they are not able to provide it for themselves, and they will be furnished plenty of entertainment and recreation. That is not according to the pattern of the European concentration camp by any means.
Real danger would exist for all Japanese if they remained in the combat area. The least act of sabotage might provoke angry reprisals that easily could balloon into bloody race riots.
We must avoid any chance of that sort of thing. The most sensible, the most humane way to insure against it is to move the Japanese out of harmโs way and make it as easy as possible for them to go and to remain away until the war is over.โ
Why did Franklin Roosevelt end the sale of oil to Japan in July 1941?
Which country had the largest empire in the world in 1900?
The United States fought against which of the following countries in World War I?
Which of the following countries did not join the League of Nations?
Which state was the first in the United States to abolish slavery?
How did the Homestead Act help populate unsettled parts of the United States?
What was Andrew Johnsonโs goal for Reconstruction?
The following passage is an excerpt from Uncle Tom’s Cabinย by Harriet Beecher Stowe. In it, Senator John Bird and his wife debate a law. Read the passage and answer the question below.
โYou ought to be ashamed, John! Poor, homeless, houseless creatures! Itโs a shameful, wicked, abominable law, and Iโll break it, for one, the first time I get a chance; and I hope I shall have a chance, I do! Things have got to a pretty pass, if a woman canโt give a warm supper and a bed to poor, starving creatures, just because they are slaves, and have been abused and oppressed all their lives, poor things!โ
โBut, Mary, just listen to me. Your feelings are all quite right, dear, and interesting, and I love you for them; but, then, dear, we mustnโt suffer our feelings to run away with our judgment; you must consider itโs not a matter of private feeling,โthere are great public interests involved,โthere is such a state of public agitation rising, that we must put aside our private feelings.โ
โNow, John, I donโt know anything about politics, but I can read my Bible; and there I see that I must feed the hungry, clothe the naked, and comfort the desolate; and that Bible I mean to follow.โ
โBut in cases where your doing so would involve a great public evilโโ
โObeying God never brings on public evils. I know it canโt. Itโs always safest, all round, to do as He bids us.
โNow, listen to me, Mary, and I can state to you a very clear argument, to showโโ
โO, nonsense, John! โyou can talk all night, but you wouldnโt do it. I put it to you, John,โwould you now turn away a poor, shivering, hungry creature from your door, because he was a runaway? Would you, now?โ
Which political event created the fugitive slave law that the senator and his wife are debating?
The following passage is an excerpt from Uncle Tom’s Cabinย by Harriet Beecher Stowe. In it, Senator John Bird and his wife debate a law. Read the passage and answer the question below.
โYou ought to be ashamed, John! Poor, homeless, houseless creatures! Itโs a shameful, wicked, abominable law, and Iโll break it, for one, the first time I get a chance; and I hope I shall have a chance, I do! Things have got to a pretty pass, if a woman canโt give a warm supper and a bed to poor, starving creatures, just because they are slaves, and have been abused and oppressed all their lives, poor things!โ
โBut, Mary, just listen to me. Your feelings are all quite right, dear, and interesting, and I love you for them; but, then, dear, we mustnโt suffer our feelings to run away with our judgment; you must consider itโs not a matter of private feeling,โthere are great public interests involved,โthere is such a state of public agitation rising, that we must put aside our private feelings.โ
โNow, John, I donโt know anything about politics, but I can read my Bible; and there I see that I must feed the hungry, clothe the naked, and comfort the desolate; and that Bible I mean to follow.โ
โBut in cases where your doing so would involve a great public evilโโ
โObeying God never brings on public evils. I know it canโt. Itโs always safest, all round, to do as He bids us.
โNow, listen to me, Mary, and I can state to you a very clear argument, to showโโ
โO, nonsense, John! โyou can talk all night, but you wouldnโt do it. I put it to you, John,โwould you now turn away a poor, shivering, hungry creature from your door, because he was a runaway? Would you, now?โ
Based on the passage, how did the fugitive slave law affect Northern attitudes toward slavery and the South?
Which of the following explains why Southerners consistently blocked a transcontinental railroad act and a homestead act?
The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed states and territories to vote on whether to allow slavery. Why would this have angered Northerners?
The following passage is an excerpt from the Declaration of Sentiments from the Seneca Falls Convention. Read the passage and answer the question below.
We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. Whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of those who suffer from it to refuse allegiance to it, and to insist upon the institution of a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happinessโฆ
The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has never permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise.
He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice.
He has withheld from her rights which are given to the most ignorant and degraded menโboth natives and foreigners.
Having deprived her of this first right of a citizen, the elective franchise, thereby leaving her without representation in the halls of legislation, he has oppressed her on all sides.
He has made her, if married, in the eye of the law, civilly dead.
He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton modeled this document on which other famous document in U.S. history?
The Second Industrial Revolution focused on which sector of the economy?
Why did Mark Twain describe the period following the Civil War as the Gilded Age?
The following passage is an excerpt from the Emancipation Proclamation. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โThat on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever freeโฆ
โThat the Executive will, on the first day of January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in rebellion against the United States; and the fact that any State, or the people thereof, shall on that day be, in good faith, represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such State shall have participated, shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State, and the people thereof, are not then in rebellion against the United States.โ
โฆ
And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free; and that the Executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.
โฆ
And I further declare and make known, that such persons of suitable condition, will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service.โ
What was the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation?
The following passage is an excerpt from the Emancipation Proclamation. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โThat on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever freeโฆ
โThat the Executive will, on the first day of January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in rebellion against the United States; and the fact that any State, or the people thereof, shall on that day be, in good faith, represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such State shall have participated, shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State, and the people thereof, are not then in rebellion against the United States.โ
โฆ
And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free; and that the Executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.
โฆ
And I further declare and make known, that such persons of suitable condition, will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service.โ
What is the MOST LIKELY reason why Lincoln only applied the Emancipation Proclamation to the Confederacy?
Which of the following was one of the outcomes of Reconstruction?
Which of the following was a reason abolitionists opposed slavery?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the legacy of Reconstruction?
The following passage is an excerpt from an 1862 letter from Abraham Lincoln to Horace Greeley, a newspaper editor. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โAs to the policy I โseem to be pursuingโ as you say, I have not meant to leave any one in doubt.
I would save the Union. I would save it the shortest way under the Constitution. The sooner the national authority can be restored; the nearer the Union will be โthe Union as it was.โ If there be those who would not save the Union, unless they could at the same time save slavery, I do not agree with them. If there be those who would not save the Union unless they could at the same time destroy slavery, I do not agree with them. My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do not believe it would help to save the Union. I shall do less whenever I shall believe what I am doing hurts the cause, and I shall do more whenever I shall believe doing more will help the cause. I shall try to correct errors when shown to be errors; and I shall adopt new views so fast as they shall appear to be true views.โ
Lincolnโs approach to abolition could BEST be described as which of the following?
Although womenโs suffrage was discussed at Seneca Falls, which of the following was the central womenโs rights issue in the 1830s and 1840s?
Which of the following advantages did the Confederacy have during the Civil War?
The following passage is an excerpt from the Mississippi “black code,” a series of laws passed after the end of the Civil War. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โEvery freedman, free negro and mulatto shall, on the second Monday of January, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, and annually thereafter, have a lawful home or employment, and shall have written evidence thereof.
โฆ
That all rogues and vagabonds, idle and dissipated persons, beggars, jugglers, or persons practicing unlawful games or plays, runaways โฆ persons who neglect their calling or employment, misspend what they earn, or do not provide for the support of themselves or their families, or dependents โฆ shall be deemed and considered vagrants, under the provisions of this act, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars, with all accruing costs, and be imprisoned, at the discretion of the court, not exceeding ten days.
โฆ
All fines and forfeitures collected by the provisions of this act shall be paid into the county treasury of general county purposes, and in case of any freedman, free negro or mulatto shall fail for five days after the imposition of any or forfeiture upon him or her for violation of any of the provisions of this act to pay the same, that it shall be, and is hereby, made the duty of the sheriff of the proper county to hire out said freedman, free negro or mulatto, to any person who will, for the shortest period of service, pay said fine and forfeiture and all costsโฆโ
If someone violated one of the laws in this passage, which of the following would have been the MOST LIKELY outcome for African Americans?
The following passage is an excerpt from the Mississippi “black code,” a series of laws passed after the end of the Civil War. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โEvery freedman, free negro and mulatto shall, on the second Monday of January, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, and annually thereafter, have a lawful home or employment, and shall have written evidence thereof.
โฆ
That all rogues and vagabonds, idle and dissipated persons, beggars, jugglers, or persons practicing unlawful games or plays, runaways โฆ persons who neglect their calling or employment, misspend what they earn, or do not provide for the support of themselves or their families, or dependents โฆ shall be deemed and considered vagrants, under the provisions of this act, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined not exceeding one hundred dollars, with all accruing costs, and be imprisoned, at the discretion of the court, not exceeding ten days.
โฆ
All fines and forfeitures collected by the provisions of this act shall be paid into the county treasury of general county purposes, and in case of any freedman, free negro or mulatto shall fail for five days after the imposition of any or forfeiture upon him or her for violation of any of the provisions of this act to pay the same, that it shall be, and is hereby, made the duty of the sheriff of the proper county to hire out said freedman, free negro or mulatto, to any person who will, for the shortest period of service, pay said fine and forfeiture and all costsโฆโ
Why would white Southerners have wanted to pass laws with these kinds of effects?
Which of the following acted as a point of entry for women into activism for their own rights?
Why did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862?
From the perspective of moderate Democrats or white Southerners, what made Republicans โradicalโ during Reconstruction?
Which of the following BEST explains why the Fourteenth Amendment was necessary for Reconstruction?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the relationship between the Second Industrial Revolution and agriculture?
Which of the following events contributed to the end of Reconstruction?
What was the ruling of the Dred Scott case?
The following passage is an excerpt of a debate between Senator Charles Sumner, a Republican, and Senator Hill from Georgia, in 1871. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
Mr. SUMNER. The Senator makes a mistake which has been made for a generation in this Chamber, confounding what belongs to society with what belongs to rights. There is no question of society. The Senator may choose his associates as he pleases. They may be white or black, or between the two. That is simply a social question, and nobody would interfere with it. The taste which the Senator announces he will have free liberty to exercise, selecting always his companions; but when it comes to rights, there the Senator must obey the law and I insist that by the law of the land all persons without distinction of color shall be equal in rights. Show me, therefore, a legal institution, anything created or regulated by law, and I show you what must be opened equally to all without distinction of color. Notoriously, the hotel is a legal institution, originally established by the common law, subject to minute provisions and regulations; notoriously, public conveyances are common carriers subject to a law of their own; notoriously, schools are public institutions created and maintained by law; and now I simply insist that in the of these institutions there shall be no exclusion on account of color.
Mr. HILL. I must confess sir, that I cannot see the magnitude of this subject. I object to this great Government descending to the business of regulating the hotels and the common taverns of this country, and the street railroads, stagecoaches, and everything of that sort. It looks to me to be a petty business.
Mr. SUMNER. I would not have my country descend; but ascend. It must rise to the heights of the Declaration of Independence. Then and there did we pledge ourselves to the great truth that all men are equal in rights. And now a Senator from Georgia rises on this floor and denies it. He denies it by a subtlety. While pretending to admit it, he would overthrow it. He would adopt a substitute for equality.
What is Charles Sumner arguing on behalf of?
The following passage is an excerpt of a debate between Senator Charles Sumner, a Republican, and Senator Hill from Georgia, in 1871. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
Mr. SUMNER. The Senator makes a mistake which has been made for a generation in this Chamber, confounding what belongs to society with what belongs to rights. There is no question of society. The Senator may choose his associates as he pleases. They may be white or black, or between the two. That is simply a social question, and nobody would interfere with it. The taste which the Senator announces he will have free liberty to exercise, selecting always his companions; but when it comes to rights, there the Senator must obey the law and I insist that by the law of the land all persons without distinction of color shall be equal in rights. Show me, therefore, a legal institution, anything created or regulated by law, and I show you what must be opened equally to all without distinction of color. Notoriously, the hotel is a legal institution, originally established by the common law, subject to minute provisions and regulations; notoriously, public conveyances are common carriers subject to a law of their own; notoriously, schools are public institutions created and maintained by law; and now I simply insist that in the of these institutions there shall be no exclusion on account of color.
Mr. HILL. I must confess sir, that I cannot see the magnitude of this subject. I object to this great Government descending to the business of regulating the hotels and the common taverns of this country, and the street railroads, stagecoaches, and everything of that sort. It looks to me to be a petty business.
Mr. SUMNER. I would not have my country descend; but ascend. It must rise to the heights of the Declaration of Independence. Then and there did we pledge ourselves to the great truth that all men are equal in rights. And now a Senator from Georgia rises on this floor and denies it. He denies it by a subtlety. While pretending to admit it, he would overthrow it. He would adopt a substitute for equality.
Based on Sumnerโs statements above, which of the following BEST describes his political orientation?
Why were the Great Plains more difficult to farm than the Midwest or East Coast?
Abolition is opposition to ______.
Which of the following acts banned slavery north of the 36ยฐ30โ parallel?
Reconstruction occurred in which region of the United States?
Who coined the term โThe Gilded Ageโ?
What did the Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education change?
The Taliban was the government of which country?
The following passage is an excerpt from a speech given by Ronald Reagan in 1983. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โIt took one kind of military force to deter an attack when, we had far more nuclear weapons than any other power; it takes another kind now that the Soviets, for example, have enough accurate and powerful nuclear weapons to destroy virtually all of our missiles on the ground. Now, this is not to say that the Soviet Union is planning to make war on us. Nor do I believe a war is inevitableโquite the contrary. But what must be recognized is that our security is based on being prepared to meet all threats.
…
The calls for cutting back the defense budget come in nice, simple arithmetic. Theyโre the same kind of talk that led the democracies to neglect their defenses in the 1930s and invited the tragedy of World War II. We must not let that grim chapter of history repeat itself through apathy or neglect.
…
I call upon the scientific community in our country, those who gave us nuclear weapons, to turn their great talents now to the cause of mankind and world peace, to give us the means of rendering these nuclear weapons impotent and obsolete.
Tonight, consistent with our obligations of the ABM treaty and recognizing the need for closer consultation with our allies, Iโm taking an important first step. I am directing a comprehensive and intensive effort to define a long-term research and development program to begin to achieve our ultimate goal of eliminating the threat posed by strategic nuclear missiles.โ
Why did the Soviet Union fear the creation of a nuclear defense system?
The following passage is an excerpt from a speech given by Ronald Reagan in 1983. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โIt took one kind of military force to deter an attack when, we had far more nuclear weapons than any other power; it takes another kind now that the Soviets, for example, have enough accurate and powerful nuclear weapons to destroy virtually all of our missiles on the ground. Now, this is not to say that the Soviet Union is planning to make war on us. Nor do I believe a war is inevitableโquite the contrary. But what must be recognized is that our security is based on being prepared to meet all threats.
…
The calls for cutting back the defense budget come in nice, simple arithmetic. Theyโre the same kind of talk that led the democracies to neglect their defenses in the 1930s and invited the tragedy of World War II. We must not let that grim chapter of history repeat itself through apathy or neglect.
…
I call upon the scientific community in our country, those who gave us nuclear weapons, to turn their great talents now to the cause of mankind and world peace, to give us the means of rendering these nuclear weapons impotent and obsolete.
Tonight, consistent with our obligations of the ABM treaty and recognizing the need for closer consultation with our allies, Iโm taking an important first step. I am directing a comprehensive and intensive effort to define a long-term research and development program to begin to achieve our ultimate goal of eliminating the threat posed by strategic nuclear missiles.โ
Why did Reagan oppose cuts to the defense budget?
The following passage is an excerpt from a speech given by Ronald Reagan in 1983. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โIt took one kind of military force to deter an attack when, we had far more nuclear weapons than any other power; it takes another kind now that the Soviets, for example, have enough accurate and powerful nuclear weapons to destroy virtually all of our missiles on the ground. Now, this is not to say that the Soviet Union is planning to make war on us. Nor do I believe a war is inevitableโquite the contrary. But what must be recognized is that our security is based on being prepared to meet all threats.
…
The calls for cutting back the defense budget come in nice, simple arithmetic. Theyโre the same kind of talk that led the democracies to neglect their defenses in the 1930s and invited the tragedy of World War II. We must not let that grim chapter of history repeat itself through apathy or neglect.
…
I call upon the scientific community in our country, those who gave us nuclear weapons, to turn their great talents now to the cause of mankind and world peace, to give us the means of rendering these nuclear weapons impotent and obsolete.
Tonight, consistent with our obligations of the ABM treaty and recognizing the need for closer consultation with our allies, Iโm taking an important first step. I am directing a comprehensive and intensive effort to define a long-term research and development program to begin to achieve our ultimate goal of eliminating the threat posed by strategic nuclear missiles.โ
What nuclear policy does Reagan propose to change with this speech?
What was Jim Crow?
Which of the following is the BEST example of containment during the Cold War?
Which of the following is the BEST explanation for why addressing nuclear weapons was an important part of U.S.-Soviet negotiations?
The United States invaded which country in 2003 as part of the War on Terror?
The following passage is an excerpt from a document discussing Europe in 1948. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
In considering the requirements for the rehabilitation of Europe the physical loss of life, the visible destruction of cities, factories, mines, and railroads was correctly estimated, but it has become obvious during recent months that this visible destruction was probably less serious than the dislocation of the entire fabric of European economy. For the past 10 years conditions have been highly abnormal. The feverish maintenance of the war effort engulfed all aspects of national economics. Machinery has fallen into disrepair or is entirely obsolete. Under the arbitrary and destructive Nazi rule, virtually every possible enterprise was geared into the German war machine.
โฆ
The truth of the matter is that Europeโs requirements for the next 3 or 4 years of foreign food and other essential productsโprincipally from Americaโare so much greater than her present ability to pay that she must have substantial additional help, or face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave character.
โฆ
Aside from the demoralizing effect on the world at large and the possibilities of disturbances arising as a result of the desperation of the people concerned, the consequences to the economy of the United States should be apparent to all. It is logical that the United States should do whatever it is able to do to assist in the return of normal economic health in the world, without which there can be no political stability and no assured peace. Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos. Its purpose should be the revival of working economy in the world so as to permit the emergence of political and social conditions in which free institutions can exist. โฆ Any government which maneuvers to block the recovery of other countries cannot expect help from us. Furthermore, governments, political parties, or groups which seek to perpetuate human misery in order to profit therefrom politically or otherwise will encounter the opposition of the United States.
Based on this passage, what was the state of Europe in 1948?
The following passage is an excerpt from a document discussing Europe in 1948. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
In considering the requirements for the rehabilitation of Europe the physical loss of life, the visible destruction of cities, factories, mines, and railroads was correctly estimated, but it has become obvious during recent months that this visible destruction was probably less serious than the dislocation of the entire fabric of European economy. For the past 10 years conditions have been highly abnormal. The feverish maintenance of the war effort engulfed all aspects of national economics. Machinery has fallen into disrepair or is entirely obsolete. Under the arbitrary and destructive Nazi rule, virtually every possible enterprise was geared into the German war machine.
โฆ
The truth of the matter is that Europeโs requirements for the next 3 or 4 years of foreign food and other essential productsโprincipally from Americaโare so much greater than her present ability to pay that she must have substantial additional help, or face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave character.
โฆ
Aside from the demoralizing effect on the world at large and the possibilities of disturbances arising as a result of the desperation of the people concerned, the consequences to the economy of the United States should be apparent to all. It is logical that the United States should do whatever it is able to do to assist in the return of normal economic health in the world, without which there can be no political stability and no assured peace. Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos. Its purpose should be the revival of working economy in the world so as to permit the emergence of political and social conditions in which free institutions can exist. โฆ Any government which maneuvers to block the recovery of other countries cannot expect help from us. Furthermore, governments, political parties, or groups which seek to perpetuate human misery in order to profit therefrom politically or otherwise will encounter the opposition of the United States.
When the document refers to โpossibilities of disturbance,โ which of the following BEST explains what the authors are alluding to?
The following passage is an excerpt from a document discussing Europe in 1948. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
In considering the requirements for the rehabilitation of Europe the physical loss of life, the visible destruction of cities, factories, mines, and railroads was correctly estimated, but it has become obvious during recent months that this visible destruction was probably less serious than the dislocation of the entire fabric of European economy. For the past 10 years conditions have been highly abnormal. The feverish maintenance of the war effort engulfed all aspects of national economics. Machinery has fallen into disrepair or is entirely obsolete. Under the arbitrary and destructive Nazi rule, virtually every possible enterprise was geared into the German war machine.
โฆ
The truth of the matter is that Europeโs requirements for the next 3 or 4 years of foreign food and other essential productsโprincipally from Americaโare so much greater than her present ability to pay that she must have substantial additional help, or face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave character.
โฆ
Aside from the demoralizing effect on the world at large and the possibilities of disturbances arising as a result of the desperation of the people concerned, the consequences to the economy of the United States should be apparent to all. It is logical that the United States should do whatever it is able to do to assist in the return of normal economic health in the world, without which there can be no political stability and no assured peace. Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos. Its purpose should be the revival of working economy in the world so as to permit the emergence of political and social conditions in which free institutions can exist. โฆ Any government which maneuvers to block the recovery of other countries cannot expect help from us. Furthermore, governments, political parties, or groups which seek to perpetuate human misery in order to profit therefrom politically or otherwise will encounter the opposition of the United States.
Which of the following policies would the authors of this document have supported?
Which of the following tactics did civil rights activists employ in the 1950s and 1960s?
Which of the following ended segregation in public places in the South?
Why did the U.S. government declare war in 2003?
What was primary result of dรฉtente between the United States and Soviet Union?
The following passage is an excerpt of a communication sent by a State Department employee, George Kennan, to Washington, DC in 1946. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โAt bottom of Kremlinโs neurotic view of world affairs is traditional and instinctive Russian sense of insecurity. Originally, this was insecurity of a peaceful agricultural people trying to live on vast exposed plain in neighborhood of fierce nomadic peoples. To this was added, as Russia came into contact with economically advanced West, fear of more competent, more powerful, more highly organized societies in that area. But this latter type of insecurity was one which afflicted rather Russian rulers than Russian people; for Russian rulers have invariably sensed that their rule was relatively archaic in form fragile and artificial in its psychological foundation, unable to stand comparison or contact with political systems of Western countriesโฆ
โฆ
(1) Soviet power, unlike that of Hitlerite Germany, is neither schematic nor adventuristic. It does not work by fixed plans. It does not take unnecessary risks. Impervious to logic of reason, and it is highly sensitive to logic of force. For this reason it can easily withdrawโand usually does when strong resistance is encountered at any point. Thus, if the adversary has sufficient force and makes clear his readiness to use it, he rarely has to do so. If situations are properly handled there need be no prestige-engaging showdowns.
โฆ
3) Much depends on health and vigor of our own society. World communism is like malignant parasite which feeds only on diseased tissue. This is point at which domestic and foreign policies meets. Every courageous and incisive measure to solve internal problems of our own society, to improve self-confidence, discipline, morale and community spirit of our own people, is a diplomatic victory over Moscow worth a thousand diplomatic notes and joint communiquรฉs. If we cannot abandon fatalism and indifference in face of deficiencies of our own society, Moscow will profitโMoscow cannot help profiting by them in its foreign policies.โ
To what does Kennan attribute the Soviet Unionโs foreign policy decisions?
The following passage is an excerpt of a communication sent by a State Department employee, George Kennan, to Washington, DC in 1946. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โAt bottom of Kremlinโs neurotic view of world affairs is traditional and instinctive Russian sense of insecurity. Originally, this was insecurity of a peaceful agricultural people trying to live on vast exposed plain in neighborhood of fierce nomadic peoples. To this was added, as Russia came into contact with economically advanced West, fear of more competent, more powerful, more highly organized societies in that area. But this latter type of insecurity was one which afflicted rather Russian rulers than Russian people; for Russian rulers have invariably sensed that their rule was relatively archaic in form fragile and artificial in its psychological foundation, unable to stand comparison or contact with political systems of Western countriesโฆ
โฆ
(1) Soviet power, unlike that of Hitlerite Germany, is neither schematic nor adventuristic. It does not work by fixed plans. It does not take unnecessary risks. Impervious to logic of reason, and it is highly sensitive to logic of force. For this reason it can easily withdrawโand usually does when strong resistance is encountered at any point. Thus, if the adversary has sufficient force and makes clear his readiness to use it, he rarely has to do so. If situations are properly handled there need be no prestige-engaging showdowns.
โฆ
3) Much depends on health and vigor of our own society. World communism is like malignant parasite which feeds only on diseased tissue. This is point at which domestic and foreign policies meets. Every courageous and incisive measure to solve internal problems of our own society, to improve self-confidence, discipline, morale and community spirit of our own people, is a diplomatic victory over Moscow worth a thousand diplomatic notes and joint communiquรฉs. If we cannot abandon fatalism and indifference in face of deficiencies of our own society, Moscow will profitโMoscow cannot help profiting by them in its foreign policies.โ
Which of the following describes Kennanโs views about the Soviet Union?
The following passage is an excerpt of a communication sent by a State Department employee, George Kennan, to Washington, DC in 1946. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โAt bottom of Kremlinโs neurotic view of world affairs is traditional and instinctive Russian sense of insecurity. Originally, this was insecurity of a peaceful agricultural people trying to live on vast exposed plain in neighborhood of fierce nomadic peoples. To this was added, as Russia came into contact with economically advanced West, fear of more competent, more powerful, more highly organized societies in that area. But this latter type of insecurity was one which afflicted rather Russian rulers than Russian people; for Russian rulers have invariably sensed that their rule was relatively archaic in form fragile and artificial in its psychological foundation, unable to stand comparison or contact with political systems of Western countriesโฆ
โฆ
(1) Soviet power, unlike that of Hitlerite Germany, is neither schematic nor adventuristic. It does not work by fixed plans. It does not take unnecessary risks. Impervious to logic of reason, and it is highly sensitive to logic of force. For this reason it can easily withdrawโand usually does when strong resistance is encountered at any point. Thus, if the adversary has sufficient force and makes clear his readiness to use it, he rarely has to do so. If situations are properly handled there need be no prestige-engaging showdowns.
โฆ
3) Much depends on health and vigor of our own society. World communism is like malignant parasite which feeds only on diseased tissue. This is point at which domestic and foreign policies meets. Every courageous and incisive measure to solve internal problems of our own society, to improve self-confidence, discipline, morale and community spirit of our own people, is a diplomatic victory over Moscow worth a thousand diplomatic notes and joint communiquรฉs. If we cannot abandon fatalism and indifference in face of deficiencies of our own society, Moscow will profitโMoscow cannot help profiting by them in its foreign policies.โ
Which of the following policies would Kennan have been MOST LIKELY to endorse?
Martin Luther King, Jr. became known for his leadership in what?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the effect of the United States and Soviet Union seeking influence in the rest of the world?
Which of the following BEST explains why the U.S. government felt embarrassed by ongoing racism in the United States?
How did the Cold War push the United States into conflicts?
The following passage is an excerpt from Martin Luther King, Jr’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail.” Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โYou may well ask: โWhy direct action? Why sit ins, marches and so forth? Isnโt negotiation a better path?โ You are quite right in calling for negotiation. Indeed, this is the very purpose of direct action. Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. It seeks so to dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored. My citing the creation of tension as part of the work of the nonviolent resister may sound rather shocking. But I must confess that I am not afraid of the word โtension.โ I have earnestly opposed violent tension, but there is a type of constructive, nonviolent tension which is necessary for growth. Just as Socrates felt that it was necessary to create a tension in the mind so that individuals could rise from the bondage of myths and half-truths to the unfettered realm of creative analysis and objective appraisal, so must we see the need for nonviolent gadflies to create the kind of tension in society that will help men rise from the dark depths of prejudice and racism to the majestic heights of understanding and brotherhood. The purpose of our direct action program is to create a situation so crisis packed that it will inevitably open the door to negotiation. I therefore concur with you in your call for negotiation.
โฆ
I must make two honest confessions to you, my Christian and Jewish brothers. First, I must confess that over the past few years I have been gravely disappointed with the white moderate. I have almost reached the regrettable conclusion that the Negroโs great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizenโs Counciler or the Ku Klux Klanner, but the white moderate, who is more devoted to โorderโ than to justice; who prefers a negative peace which is the absence of tension to a positive peace which is the presence of justice; who constantly says: โI agree with you in the goal you seek, but I cannot agree with your methods of direct actionโ; who paternalistically believes he can set the timetable for another man’s freedom; who lives by a mythical concept of time and who constantly advises the Negro to wait for a โmore convenient season.โ Shallow understanding from people of good will is more frustrating than absolute misunderstanding from people of ill will. Lukewarm acceptance is much more bewildering than outright rejection.โ
What is the goal of direct action, according to King?
The following passage is an excerpt from Martin Luther King, Jr’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail.” Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โYou may well ask: โWhy direct action? Why sit ins, marches and so forth? Isnโt negotiation a better path?โ You are quite right in calling for negotiation. Indeed, this is the very purpose of direct action. Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. It seeks so to dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored. My citing the creation of tension as part of the work of the nonviolent resister may sound rather shocking. But I must confess that I am not afraid of the word โtension.โ I have earnestly opposed violent tension, but there is a type of constructive, nonviolent tension which is necessary for growth. Just as Socrates felt that it was necessary to create a tension in the mind so that individuals could rise from the bondage of myths and half-truths to the unfettered realm of creative analysis and objective appraisal, so must we see the need for nonviolent gadflies to create the kind of tension in society that will help men rise from the dark depths of prejudice and racism to the majestic heights of understanding and brotherhood. The purpose of our direct action program is to create a situation so crisis packed that it will inevitably open the door to negotiation. I therefore concur with you in your call for negotiation.
โฆ
I must make two honest confessions to you, my Christian and Jewish brothers. First, I must confess that over the past few years I have been gravely disappointed with the white moderate. I have almost reached the regrettable conclusion that the Negroโs great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizenโs Counciler or the Ku Klux Klanner, but the white moderate, who is more devoted to โorderโ than to justice; who prefers a negative peace which is the absence of tension to a positive peace which is the presence of justice; who constantly says: โI agree with you in the goal you seek, but I cannot agree with your methods of direct actionโ; who paternalistically believes he can set the timetable for another man’s freedom; who lives by a mythical concept of time and who constantly advises the Negro to wait for a โmore convenient season.โ Shallow understanding from people of good will is more frustrating than absolute misunderstanding from people of ill will. Lukewarm acceptance is much more bewildering than outright rejection.โ
Why does King express frustration with white moderates?
The following passage is an excerpt of a treaty signed in 1949. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
The Parties to this Treaty reaffirm their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and their desire to live in peace with all peoples and all governments.
They are determined to safeguard the freedom, common heritage and civilisation of their peoples, founded on the principles of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law.
They seek to promote stability and well-being in the North Atlantic area.
They are resolved to unite their efforts for collective defence and for the preservation of peace and security.
โฆ
The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all, and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually, and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area.
Which of the following does this document describe?
The following passage is an excerpt of a treaty signed in 1949. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
The Parties to this Treaty reaffirm their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and their desire to live in peace with all peoples and all governments.
They are determined to safeguard the freedom, common heritage and civilisation of their peoples, founded on the principles of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law.
They seek to promote stability and well-being in the North Atlantic area.
They are resolved to unite their efforts for collective defence and for the preservation of peace and security.
โฆ
The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all, and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually, and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area.
Which of the following BEST describes how this document would have assisted the United States in the Cold War?
The following passage is an excerpt of a treaty signed in 1949. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
The Parties to this Treaty reaffirm their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and their desire to live in peace with all peoples and all governments.
They are determined to safeguard the freedom, common heritage and civilisation of their peoples, founded on the principles of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law.
They seek to promote stability and well-being in the North Atlantic area.
They are resolved to unite their efforts for collective defence and for the preservation of peace and security.
โฆ
The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all, and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually, and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area.
What does the document commit signatories to doing for one another?
What was the long-term outcome of the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan?
What was the Great Migration?
The Civil Rights Movement was about winning equality for which group?
Which country was the rival of the United States during the Cold War?
Ronald Reagan was president of which country?
The September 11 attacks occurred in what year?
Why were American colonists angry about having to pay additional taxes after 1763?
Support from which power was critical in the U.S. victory in the Revolutionary War?
The following passage is an excerpt from the Declaration of Independence, written in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โWe hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.–That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, –That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.โ
According to Jefferson, what is the basis for why governments are formed?
The following passage is an excerpt from the Declaration of Independence, written in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โWe hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.–That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, –That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.โ
Much of the Declaration of Independence is a long list of the grievances the colonists had toward King George III. Why, based on what you read here, would Jefferson have felt the need to list these?
Which of the following inventions was transformative in the South in the early nineteenth century?
Why was the purchase of the Louisiana Territory important for the early United States?
The following passage is an excerpt from Captain Park Holland’s reminiscences of Shay’s Rebellion, written in 1834. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โAs I have had ocation to mention the Shay Rebellion it may not be impropper for me to indeavour to explain the cause which gave rise to this very unfortunate affair but this will be a difficult Task fully to & clearly to explain for there were more causes than one but the main cause may be said to arrise from a Sudden Flow of hard Money and an uncommon large importation of Forreign Goodsโฆthe general opinion was that Money was growing verry plenty & all kinds of good being scarce during the War and now being Varry plenty the Money (espetially that in the Hands of the poorer sort of People) was soon spent and many of them were in debt as much as their credit would admit of and to add to this there was a large Tax out & generally unpaid. These circumstance with some others put together mad Money as extraordinary scarce as it had ben plenty – sometime in the year 1786 the scarcity of Money became quite alarming and those who were the most distressed or otherways most in debt began to hold Town & County convention & corresponded with each so as to be as uniform in their proceedings as possible and the amount of their deliberations seemed to be that it was best to stop the setting of the Courts of Common Pleas for there was a verry unusual number of sutes to be brought before their Court which were now about Setting and when the Court began to assemble at Northampton within & for the County of Hamshere there assembled a large body of Peopleโฆโ
To what does Holland attribute the discontent in Massachusetts?
The following passage is an excerpt from Captain Park Holland’s reminiscences of Shay’s Rebellion, written in 1834. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โAs I have had ocation to mention the Shay Rebellion it may not be impropper for me to indeavour to explain the cause which gave rise to this very unfortunate affair but this will be a difficult Task fully to & clearly to explain for there were more causes than one but the main cause may be said to arrise from a Sudden Flow of hard Money and an uncommon large importation of Forreign Goodsโฆthe general opinion was that Money was growing verry plenty & all kinds of good being scarce during the War and now being Varry plenty the Money (espetially that in the Hands of the poorer sort of People) was soon spent and many of them were in debt as much as their credit would admit of and to add to this there was a large Tax out & generally unpaid. These circumstance with some others put together mad Money as extraordinary scarce as it had ben plenty – sometime in the year 1786 the scarcity of Money became quite alarming and those who were the most distressed or otherways most in debt began to hold Town & County convention & corresponded with each so as to be as uniform in their proceedings as possible and the amount of their deliberations seemed to be that it was best to stop the setting of the Courts of Common Pleas for there was a verry unusual number of sutes to be brought before their Court which were now about Setting and when the Court began to assemble at Northampton within & for the County of Hamshere there assembled a large body of Peopleโฆโ
How would the discontent described in this passage have been attributed to the federal government under the Articles of Confederation?
Which of the following battles led to the end of the Revolutionary War?
How did the Treaty of Ghent resolve a long-standing tension for the United States?
What would the New Jersey Plan have done?
The following passage is an excerpt from the Northwest Ordinance, signed in 1787. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โSo soon as there shall be five thousand free male inhabitants of full age in the district, upon giving proof thereof to the governor, they shall receive authority, with time and place, to elect a representative from their counties or townships to represent them in the general assembly: Provided, That, for every five hundred free male inhabitants, there shall be one representative…Provided, That no person be eligible or qualified to act as a representative unless he shall have been a citizen of one of the United States three years, and be a resident in the district, or unless he shall have resided in the district three years; and, in either case, shall likewise hold in his own right, in fee simple, two hundred acres of land within the same;
โฆ
And, for extending the fundamental principles of civil and religious liberty, which form the basis whereon these republics, their laws and constitutions are erected; to fix and establish those principles as the basis of all laws, constitutions, and governments, which forever hereafter shall be formed in the said territory: to provide also for the establishment of States, and permanent government therein, and for their admission to a share in the federal councils on an equal footing with the original States, at as early periods as may be consistent with the general interest:
โฆ
Religion, morality, and knowledge, being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouragedโฆโ
According to the excerpt, what was the purpose of the Northwest Ordinance?
The following passage is an excerpt from the Northwest Ordinance, signed in 1787. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โSo soon as there shall be five thousand free male inhabitants of full age in the district, upon giving proof thereof to the governor, they shall receive authority, with time and place, to elect a representative from their counties or townships to represent them in the general assembly: Provided, That, for every five hundred free male inhabitants, there shall be one representative…Provided, That no person be eligible or qualified to act as a representative unless he shall have been a citizen of one of the United States three years, and be a resident in the district, or unless he shall have resided in the district three years; and, in either case, shall likewise hold in his own right, in fee simple, two hundred acres of land within the same;
โฆ
And, for extending the fundamental principles of civil and religious liberty, which form the basis whereon these republics, their laws and constitutions are erected; to fix and establish those principles as the basis of all laws, constitutions, and governments, which forever hereafter shall be formed in the said territory: to provide also for the establishment of States, and permanent government therein, and for their admission to a share in the federal councils on an equal footing with the original States, at as early periods as may be consistent with the general interest:
โฆ
Religion, morality, and knowledge, being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouragedโฆโ
What kind of improvement or infrastructure does the document endorse?
The following passage is an excerpt from the Northwest Ordinance, signed in 1787. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โSo soon as there shall be five thousand free male inhabitants of full age in the district, upon giving proof thereof to the governor, they shall receive authority, with time and place, to elect a representative from their counties or townships to represent them in the general assembly: Provided, That, for every five hundred free male inhabitants, there shall be one representative…Provided, That no person be eligible or qualified to act as a representative unless he shall have been a citizen of one of the United States three years, and be a resident in the district, or unless he shall have resided in the district three years; and, in either case, shall likewise hold in his own right, in fee simple, two hundred acres of land within the same;
โฆ
And, for extending the fundamental principles of civil and religious liberty, which form the basis whereon these republics, their laws and constitutions are erected; to fix and establish those principles as the basis of all laws, constitutions, and governments, which forever hereafter shall be formed in the said territory: to provide also for the establishment of States, and permanent government therein, and for their admission to a share in the federal councils on an equal footing with the original States, at as early periods as may be consistent with the general interest:
โฆ
Religion, morality, and knowledge, being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouragedโฆโ
What is the purpose of the second paragraph?
Which region was the first to industrialize in the United States?
How did the French and Indian War worsen relations between the 13 colonies and Great Britain?
The following passage is an excerpt from George Washington’s farewell address, given in 1797. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
For this you have every inducement of sympathy and interest. Citizens, by birth or choice, of a common country, that country has a right to concentrate your affections. The name of American, which belongs to you in your national capacity, must always exalt the just pride of patriotism more than any appellation derived from local discriminations. With slight shades of difference, you have the same religion, manners, habits, and political principles. You have in a common cause fought and triumphed together; the independence and liberty you possess are the work of joint counsels, and joint efforts of common dangers, sufferings, and successesโฆWhile, then, every part of our country thus feels an immediate and particular interest in union, all the parts combined cannot fail to find in the united mass of means and efforts greater strength, greater resource, proportionably greater security from external danger, a less frequent interruption of their peace by foreign nationsโฆIn contemplating the causes which may disturb our Union, it occurs as matter of serious concern that any ground should have been furnished for characterizing parties by geographical discriminations, Northern and Southern, Atlantic and Western; whence designing men may endeavor to excite a belief that there is a real difference of local interests and views. One of the expedients of party to acquire influence within particular districts is to misrepresent the opinions and aims of other districts. You cannot shield yourselves too much against the jealousies and heartburnings which spring from these misrepresentations…
โฆ
Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none; or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves by artificial ties in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities. Our detached and distant situation invites and enables us to pursue a different course. If we remain one people under an efficient government. the period is not far off when we may defy material injury from external annoyance; when we may take such an attitude as will cause the neutrality we may at any time resolve upon to be scrupulously respected; when belligerent nations, under the impossibility of making acquisitions upon us, will not lightly hazard the giving us provocation; when we may choose peace or war, as our interest, guided by justice, shall counsel. Why forego the advantages of so peculiar a situation?
Why does Washington feel that union is the path to greater safety for the United States?
The following passage is an excerpt from George Washington’s farewell address, given in 1797. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
For this you have every inducement of sympathy and interest. Citizens, by birth or choice, of a common country, that country has a right to concentrate your affections. The name of American, which belongs to you in your national capacity, must always exalt the just pride of patriotism more than any appellation derived from local discriminations. With slight shades of difference, you have the same religion, manners, habits, and political principles. You have in a common cause fought and triumphed together; the independence and liberty you possess are the work of joint counsels, and joint efforts of common dangers, sufferings, and successesโฆWhile, then, every part of our country thus feels an immediate and particular interest in union, all the parts combined cannot fail to find in the united mass of means and efforts greater strength, greater resource, proportionably greater security from external danger, a less frequent interruption of their peace by foreign nationsโฆIn contemplating the causes which may disturb our Union, it occurs as matter of serious concern that any ground should have been furnished for characterizing parties by geographical discriminations, Northern and Southern, Atlantic and Western; whence designing men may endeavor to excite a belief that there is a real difference of local interests and views. One of the expedients of party to acquire influence within particular districts is to misrepresent the opinions and aims of other districts. You cannot shield yourselves too much against the jealousies and heartburnings which spring from these misrepresentations…
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Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none; or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves by artificial ties in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities. Our detached and distant situation invites and enables us to pursue a different course. If we remain one people under an efficient government. the period is not far off when we may defy material injury from external annoyance; when we may take such an attitude as will cause the neutrality we may at any time resolve upon to be scrupulously respected; when belligerent nations, under the impossibility of making acquisitions upon us, will not lightly hazard the giving us provocation; when we may choose peace or war, as our interest, guided by justice, shall counsel. Why forego the advantages of so peculiar a situation?
In referring to regional disputes, what is Washington most likely referring to?
The following passage is an excerpt from George Washington’s farewell address, given in 1797. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
For this you have every inducement of sympathy and interest. Citizens, by birth or choice, of a common country, that country has a right to concentrate your affections. The name of American, which belongs to you in your national capacity, must always exalt the just pride of patriotism more than any appellation derived from local discriminations. With slight shades of difference, you have the same religion, manners, habits, and political principles. You have in a common cause fought and triumphed together; the independence and liberty you possess are the work of joint counsels, and joint efforts of common dangers, sufferings, and successesโฆWhile, then, every part of our country thus feels an immediate and particular interest in union, all the parts combined cannot fail to find in the united mass of means and efforts greater strength, greater resource, proportionably greater security from external danger, a less frequent interruption of their peace by foreign nationsโฆIn contemplating the causes which may disturb our Union, it occurs as matter of serious concern that any ground should have been furnished for characterizing parties by geographical discriminations, Northern and Southern, Atlantic and Western; whence designing men may endeavor to excite a belief that there is a real difference of local interests and views. One of the expedients of party to acquire influence within particular districts is to misrepresent the opinions and aims of other districts. You cannot shield yourselves too much against the jealousies and heartburnings which spring from these misrepresentations…
โฆ
Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none; or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves by artificial ties in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities. Our detached and distant situation invites and enables us to pursue a different course. If we remain one people under an efficient government. the period is not far off when we may defy material injury from external annoyance; when we may take such an attitude as will cause the neutrality we may at any time resolve upon to be scrupulously respected; when belligerent nations, under the impossibility of making acquisitions upon us, will not lightly hazard the giving us provocation; when we may choose peace or war, as our interest, guided by justice, shall counsel. Why forego the advantages of so peculiar a situation?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the foreign policy that Washington is recommending?
How did war between France and Great Britain affect the United States?
Why did some states at the Constitutional Convention object to the Virginia Plan?
Why was the development of a canal system important?
What was an effect of Jeffersonโs attempted embargo against the British?
The following passage is from a letter from James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, sent October 17, 1788. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โMy own opinion has always been in favor of a bill of rights; provided it be so framed as not to imply powers not meant to be included in the enumerationโฆ there is great reason to fear that a positive declaration of some of the most essential rights could not be obtained in the requisite latitude. I am sure that the rights of Conscience in particular, if submitted to public definition would be narrowed much more than they are likely ever to be by an assumed powerโฆ
…
Wherever the real power in a Government lies, there is the danger of oppression. In our Governments the real power lies in the majority of the Community, and the invasion of private rights is chiefly to be apprehended, not from acts of Government contrary to the sense of its constituents…Wherever there is an interest and power to do wrong, wrong will generally be done, and not less readily by a powerful & interested party than by a powerful and interested prince. The difference, so far as it relates to the superiority of republics over monarchiesโฆ
…
What use then it may be asked can a bill of rights serve in popular Governments? I answer the two following which though less essential than in other Governments, sufficiently recommend the precaution. 1. The political truths declared in that solemn manner acquire by degrees the character of fundamental maxims of free Government, and as they become incorporated with the national sentiment, counteract the impulses of interest and passion. 2. Altho’ it be generally true as above stated that the danger of oppression lies in the interested majorities of the people rather than in usurped acts of the Government, yet there may be occasions on which the evil may spring from the latter source; and on such, a bill of rights will be a good ground for an appeal to the sense of the community.
Based on the above passage, what would be the likely source of the abuse of power according to Madison?
The following passage is from a letter from James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, sent October 17, 1788. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โMy own opinion has always been in favor of a bill of rights; provided it be so framed as not to imply powers not meant to be included in the enumerationโฆ there is great reason to fear that a positive declaration of some of the most essential rights could not be obtained in the requisite latitude. I am sure that the rights of Conscience in particular, if submitted to public definition would be narrowed much more than they are likely ever to be by an assumed powerโฆ
…
Wherever the real power in a Government lies, there is the danger of oppression. In our Governments the real power lies in the majority of the Community, and the invasion of private rights is chiefly to be apprehended, not from acts of Government contrary to the sense of its constituents…Wherever there is an interest and power to do wrong, wrong will generally be done, and not less readily by a powerful & interested party than by a powerful and interested prince. The difference, so far as it relates to the superiority of republics over monarchiesโฆ
…
What use then it may be asked can a bill of rights serve in popular Governments? I answer the two following which though less essential than in other Governments, sufficiently recommend the precaution. 1. The political truths declared in that solemn manner acquire by degrees the character of fundamental maxims of free Government, and as they become incorporated with the national sentiment, counteract the impulses of interest and passion. 2. Altho’ it be generally true as above stated that the danger of oppression lies in the interested majorities of the people rather than in usurped acts of the Government, yet there may be occasions on which the evil may spring from the latter source; and on such, a bill of rights will be a good ground for an appeal to the sense of the community.
According to Madison, why is a bill of rights necessary when it comes to public conscience?
The following passage is from a letter from James Madison to Thomas Jefferson, sent October 17, 1788. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โMy own opinion has always been in favor of a bill of rights; provided it be so framed as not to imply powers not meant to be included in the enumerationโฆ there is great reason to fear that a positive declaration of some of the most essential rights could not be obtained in the requisite latitude. I am sure that the rights of Conscience in particular, if submitted to public definition would be narrowed much more than they are likely ever to be by an assumed powerโฆ
…
Wherever the real power in a Government lies, there is the danger of oppression. In our Governments the real power lies in the majority of the Community, and the invasion of private rights is chiefly to be apprehended, not from acts of Government contrary to the sense of its constituents…Wherever there is an interest and power to do wrong, wrong will generally be done, and not less readily by a powerful & interested party than by a powerful and interested prince. The difference, so far as it relates to the superiority of republics over monarchiesโฆ
…
What use then it may be asked can a bill of rights serve in popular Governments? I answer the two following which though less essential than in other Governments, sufficiently recommend the precaution. 1. The political truths declared in that solemn manner acquire by degrees the character of fundamental maxims of free Government, and as they become incorporated with the national sentiment, counteract the impulses of interest and passion. 2. Altho’ it be generally true as above stated that the danger of oppression lies in the interested majorities of the people rather than in usurped acts of the Government, yet there may be occasions on which the evil may spring from the latter source; and on such, a bill of rights will be a good ground for an appeal to the sense of the community.
Why is a bill of rights necessary to prevent the abuses that Madison fears?
Many Northerners were vehemently opposed to the South being able to count enslaved people as part of their population. Why would this have bothered them?
War between the 13 colonies and Britain began at which battle?
Why was Napoleon interested in selling the Louisiana Territory?
As a Democratic-Republican favoring small government, which of the following positions would Jefferson have been likely to endorse?
In which of the following cities did protesting American colonists dump tea into the harbor?
Why did Americans want to replace the Articles of Confederation?
Against which country did the United States go to war in 1812?
In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin?
The Bering land bridge allowed people to cross over into North America from ______.
What part of the world were European explorers most interested in reaching?
The following passage is from John Winthrop. Winthrop was a Puritan leader in the Massachusetts Colony and delivered this message to his followers in 1630. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โ…if we shall neglect the observation of these articles…the Lord will surely break out in wrath against us, and be revenged of such a people, and make us know the price of the breach of such a covenant. Now the only way to avoid this shipwreck, and to provide for our posterity, is to follow the counsel of Micah, to do justly, to love mercy, to walk humbly with our God. For this end, we must be knit together, in this work, as one man…We must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekness, gentleness, patience and liberality. We must delight in each other; make othersโ conditions our own; rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together, always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, as members of the same body. So shall we keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace…We shall find that the God of Israel is among us, when ten of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies; when He shall make us a praise and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantations, โmay the Lord make it like that of New England.โ For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill.
Winthrop ends the passage by saying that they โshall be as a city upon a hill.โ What does Winthrop mean by this?
The following passage is from John Winthrop. Winthrop was a Puritan leader in the Massachusetts Colony and delivered this message to his followers in 1630. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โ…if we shall neglect the observation of these articles…the Lord will surely break out in wrath against us, and be revenged of such a people, and make us know the price of the breach of such a covenant. Now the only way to avoid this shipwreck, and to provide for our posterity, is to follow the counsel of Micah, to do justly, to love mercy, to walk humbly with our God. For this end, we must be knit together, in this work, as one man…We must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekness, gentleness, patience and liberality. We must delight in each other; make othersโ conditions our own; rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together, always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, as members of the same body. So shall we keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace…We shall find that the God of Israel is among us, when ten of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies; when He shall make us a praise and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantations, โmay the Lord make it like that of New England.โ For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill.
Based on what Winthrop says, which of the following statements MOST ACCURATELY describes the Puritansโ beliefs about God?
The following passage is from John Winthrop. Winthrop was a Puritan leader in the Massachusetts Colony and delivered this message to his followers in 1630. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โ…if we shall neglect the observation of these articles…the Lord will surely break out in wrath against us, and be revenged of such a people, and make us know the price of the breach of such a covenant. Now the only way to avoid this shipwreck, and to provide for our posterity, is to follow the counsel of Micah, to do justly, to love mercy, to walk humbly with our God. For this end, we must be knit together, in this work, as one man…We must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekness, gentleness, patience and liberality. We must delight in each other; make othersโ conditions our own; rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together, always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, as members of the same body. So shall we keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace…We shall find that the God of Israel is among us, when ten of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies; when He shall make us a praise and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantations, โmay the Lord make it like that of New England.โ For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill.
Which of the following is the MOST LIKELY explanation for how Puritan society embraced Winthropโs ideas?
Outside Mexico, where was the first permanent Spanish settlement in North America?
Which port did the English seize from the Dutch?
The Sioux tribe is a part of which Native American cultural group?
The following passage is an excerpt from Christopher Columbus’s journal from 1492. In it, he describes the indigenous people he encountered on his first voyage. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
In fine, they took all, and gave what they had with good will. It appeared to me to be a race of people very poor in everything. They go as naked as when their mothers bore them, and so do the women, although I did not see more than one young girl…They neither carry nor know anything of arms, for I showed them swords, and they took them by the blade and cut themselves through ignorance. They have no iron, their darts being wands without iron, some of them having a fishโs tooth at the end, and others being pointed in various ways. They are all of fair stature and size, with good laces, and well made…They should be good servants and intelligent, for I observed that they quickly took in what was said to them, and I believe that they would easily be made Christians, as it appeared to me that they had no religion, our Lord being pleased, will take hence, at the time of my departure, six natives for your Highnesses that they may learn to speak…The Admiral showed the Indians some specimens of cinnamon and pepper he had brought from Castillo, and they knew it, and said, by signs, that there was plenty in the vicinity, pointing to the S.E. He also showed them gold and pearls, on which certain old men said that there an infinite quantity in a place called Holito and that the people wore it on their necks, ears, arms, and legs, as well as pearls.
Why was Columbus interested in finding cinnamon and pepper?
The following passage is an excerpt from Christopher Columbus’s journal from 1492. In it, he describes the indigenous people he encountered on his first voyage. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
In fine, they took all, and gave what they had with good will. It appeared to me to be a race of people very poor in everything. They go as naked as when their mothers bore them, and so do the women, although I did not see more than one young girl…They neither carry nor know anything of arms, for I showed them swords, and they took them by the blade and cut themselves through ignorance. They have no iron, their darts being wands without iron, some of them having a fishโs tooth at the end, and others being pointed in various ways. They are all of fair stature and size, with good laces, and well made…They should be good servants and intelligent, for I observed that they quickly took in what was said to them, and I believe that they would easily be made Christians, as it appeared to me that they had no religion, our Lord being pleased, will take hence, at the time of my departure, six natives for your Highnesses that they may learn to speak…The Admiral showed the Indians some specimens of cinnamon and pepper he had brought from Castillo, and they knew it, and said, by signs, that there was plenty in the vicinity, pointing to the S.E. He also showed them gold and pearls, on which certain old men said that there an infinite quantity in a place called Holito and that the people wore it on their necks, ears, arms, and legs, as well as pearls.
Which of the following explanations is the MOST LIKELY reason Columbus mentioned that the Native Americans knew little about fighting?
The following passage is an excerpt from Christopher Columbus’s journal from 1492. In it, he describes the indigenous people he encountered on his first voyage. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
In fine, they took all, and gave what they had with good will. It appeared to me to be a race of people very poor in everything. They go as naked as when their mothers bore them, and so do the women, although I did not see more than one young girl…They neither carry nor know anything of arms, for I showed them swords, and they took them by the blade and cut themselves through ignorance. They have no iron, their darts being wands without iron, some of them having a fishโs tooth at the end, and others being pointed in various ways. They are all of fair stature and size, with good laces, and well made…They should be good servants and intelligent, for I observed that they quickly took in what was said to them, and I believe that they would easily be made Christians, as it appeared to me that they had no religion, our Lord being pleased, will take hence, at the time of my departure, six natives for your Highnesses that they may learn to speak…The Admiral showed the Indians some specimens of cinnamon and pepper he had brought from Castillo, and they knew it, and said, by signs, that there was plenty in the vicinity, pointing to the S.E. He also showed them gold and pearls, on which certain old men said that there an infinite quantity in a place called Holito and that the people wore it on their necks, ears, arms, and legs, as well as pearls.
Why did Columbus suggest that the Native Americans would make good Christians?
Which crop was particularly important for the tribes of the Northeast Woodlands?
The following passage is the Mayflower Compact. The Mayflower Compact was a document signed by the passengers on the Mayflower. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord King James, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a Voyage to plant the first Colony in the northern Parts of Virginia; Do by these Presents, solemnly and mutually, in the Presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid: And by Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Officers, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission and Obedience. IN WITNESS whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape-Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord King James, of England, France, and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth, Anno Domini; 1620.
Why did the signers refer to settling in the northern parts of Virginia?
The following passage is the Mayflower Compact. The Mayflower Compact was a document signed by the passengers on the Mayflower. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord King James, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a Voyage to plant the first Colony in the northern Parts of Virginia; Do by these Presents, solemnly and mutually, in the Presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid: And by Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Officers, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission and Obedience. IN WITNESS whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape-Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord King James, of England, France, and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth, Anno Domini; 1620.
What was the function of the Mayflower Compact for the colonists?
Which of the following English colonies relied on the export of tobacco?
Which of the following accounts for the differences among Native American tribes before European arrival?
Which of the following areas did France permanently settle?
Spain had an early foothold in North America. Which of the following reasons is the MOST LIKELY explanation for why England became involved in North American settlement?
The following passage is an excerpt from William Penn’s Charter of Privileges. Written in 1701 when Penn was the governor of Pennsylvania, it offered a list of rights that were guaranteed to residents. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
BECAUSE no People can be truly happy, though under the greatest Enjoyment of Civil Liberties, if abridged of the Freedom of their Consciences, as to their Religious Profession and Worship…I do hereby grant and declare, That no Person or Persons, inhabiting in this Province or Territories…shall be in any Case molested or prejudiced, in his or their Person or Estate, because of his or their conscientious Persuasion or Practiceโฆ
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FOR the well governing of this Province and Territories, there shall be an Assembly yearly chosen, by the Freemen thereof, to consist of Four Persons out of each County, of most Note for Virtue, Wisdom and Ability, (or of a greater number at any Time. as the Governor and Assembly shall agree) upon the First Day of October for everโฆ
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THAT all Criminals shall have the same Privileges of Witnesses and Council as their Prosecutors.
What kind of government did the Charter of Privileges establish?
The following passage is an excerpt from William Penn’s Charter of Privileges. Written in 1701 when Penn was the governor of Pennsylvania, it offered a list of rights that were guaranteed to residents. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
BECAUSE no People can be truly happy, though under the greatest Enjoyment of Civil Liberties, if abridged of the Freedom of their Consciences, as to their Religious Profession and Worship…I do hereby grant and declare, That no Person or Persons, inhabiting in this Province or Territories…shall be in any Case molested or prejudiced, in his or their Person or Estate, because of his or their conscientious Persuasion or Practiceโฆ
โฆ
FOR the well governing of this Province and Territories, there shall be an Assembly yearly chosen, by the Freemen thereof, to consist of Four Persons out of each County, of most Note for Virtue, Wisdom and Ability, (or of a greater number at any Time. as the Governor and Assembly shall agree) upon the First Day of October for everโฆ
โฆ
THAT all Criminals shall have the same Privileges of Witnesses and Council as their Prosecutors.
Which of the following is MOST LIKELY to have been influenced by the Charter of Privileges?
Which of the following countries was the first to explore North America?
Why was the African slave trade adopted and encouraged in the Southern colonies?
Which of the following is an example of how religion drove the Age of Exploration?
The following passage is an excerpt from an essay by Benjamin Franklin called “Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America,” written in 1782. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
The Indian Men when young are Hunters and Warriors; when old, Counsellors; for all their Government is by Counsel of the Sages; there is no Force there are no Prisons, no Officers to compel Obedience, or inflict Punishment.โHence they generally study Oratory; the best Speaker having the most Influence. The Indian Women till the Ground, dress the Food, nurse and bring up the Children, & preserve & hand down to Posterity the Memory of public Transactions.
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Having frequent Occasions to hold public Councils, they have acquired great Order and Decency in conducting them. The old Men sit in the foremost Ranks, the Warriors in the next, and the Women & Children in the hindmost. The Business of the Women is to take exact Notice of what passes, imprint it in their Memories, for they have no Writing, and communicate it to their Children. They are the Records of the Councils, and they preserve Traditions of the Stipulations in Treaties 100 Years back, which when we compare with our Writings we always find exact.
According to Franklinโs account, what was the role of women in tribal government?
The following passage is an excerpt from an essay by Benjamin Franklin called “Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America,” written in 1782. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
The Indian Men when young are Hunters and Warriors; when old, Counsellors; for all their Government is by Counsel of the Sages; there is no Force there are no Prisons, no Officers to compel Obedience, or inflict Punishment.โHence they generally study Oratory; the best Speaker having the most Influence. The Indian Women till the Ground, dress the Food, nurse and bring up the Children, & preserve & hand down to Posterity the Memory of public Transactions.
โฆ
Having frequent Occasions to hold public Councils, they have acquired great Order and Decency in conducting them. The old Men sit in the foremost Ranks, the Warriors in the next, and the Women & Children in the hindmost. The Business of the Women is to take exact Notice of what passes, imprint it in their Memories, for they have no Writing, and communicate it to their Children. They are the Records of the Councils, and they preserve Traditions of the Stipulations in Treaties 100 Years back, which when we compare with our Writings we always find exact.
What does the emphasis on discussion and speaking that Franklin notes suggest about Native American political structures?
The following passage is another excerpt from an essay by Benjamin Franklin called “Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America,” written in 1782. In it, a Swedish minister tries to convert a Native American band to Christianity, and they respond. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โIn the Beginning our Fathers had only the Flesh of Animals to subsist on, and if their Hunting was unsuccessful, they were starving. Two of our young Hunters having killโd a Deer, made a Fire in the Woods to broil some Part of it. When they were about to satisfy their Hunger, they beheld a beautiful young Woman descend from the Clouds, and seat herself on that Hill which you see yonder among the blue Mountains. They said to each other, It is a Spirit that perhaps has smelt our broiling Venison & wishes to eat of it: Let us offer some to her. They presented her with the Tongue, She was pleasโd with the Taste of it, and said, Your Kindness shall be rewarded: Come to this Place after thirteen Moons, and you shall find something that will be of great Benefit in nourishing you and your Children to the latest Generations. They did so, and to their Surprise found Plants they had never seen before, but which from that antique time have been instantly cultivated among us to our great Advantage. Where her right Hand had touchโd the Ground they found Maize; Where her left hand had touchโd it, they found Kidney Beans, and where her Backside had rested on it, they found Tobacco.โThe good Missionary disgusted with this idle Tale, said, What I delivered to you were sacred Truths, but what you tell me is mere Fable, Fiction and Falshood. The Indian offended, replyโd, My Brother, it seems your Friends have not done you Justice in your Education, they have not well instructed you in the Rules of common Civility. You saw that we who understand and practise those Rules, believโd all your Stories: Why do you refuse to believe ours?โ
This story reflects the importance of which of the following for this Native American group?
The following passage is another excerpt from an essay by Benjamin Franklin called “Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America,” written in 1782. In it, a Swedish minister tries to convert a Native American band to Christianity, and they respond. Read the passage and answer the question below.ย
โIn the Beginning our Fathers had only the Flesh of Animals to subsist on, and if their Hunting was unsuccessful, they were starving. Two of our young Hunters having killโd a Deer, made a Fire in the Woods to broil some Part of it. When they were about to satisfy their Hunger, they beheld a beautiful young Woman descend from the Clouds, and seat herself on that Hill which you see yonder among the blue Mountains. They said to each other, It is a Spirit that perhaps has smelt our broiling Venison & wishes to eat of it: Let us offer some to her. They presented her with the Tongue, She was pleasโd with the Taste of it, and said, Your Kindness shall be rewarded: Come to this Place after thirteen Moons, and you shall find something that will be of great Benefit in nourishing you and your Children to the latest Generations. They did so, and to their Surprise found Plants they had never seen before, but which from that antique time have been instantly cultivated among us to our great Advantage. Where her right Hand had touchโd the Ground they found Maize; Where her left hand had touchโd it, they found Kidney Beans, and where her Backside had rested on it, they found Tobacco.โThe good Missionary disgusted with this idle Tale, said, What I delivered to you were sacred Truths, but what you tell me is mere Fable, Fiction and Falshood. The Indian offended, replyโd, My Brother, it seems your Friends have not done you Justice in your Education, they have not well instructed you in the Rules of common Civility. You saw that we who understand and practise those Rules, believโd all your Stories: Why do you refuse to believe ours?โ
What does the attitude of the European missionary tell us about European attitudes toward Native Americans?
How did the environment in the New England colonies shape the economy?
Even though Native Americans formed large settlements and had complex societies, many Europeans described them as primitive. Which of the following is the MOST LIKELY explanation for this?
Which of the following areas became home to one of the largest Native American settlements north of Mexico?
How did humans first enter North America?
Christopher Columbus explored on behalf of which European power?
Kosovoโs nationhood resulted primarily from which element of geography?
What is the name of the country that originated the Roman Empire?
What body of water surrounded the empire ruled by the ancient Greeks?
Modern-day India was the home of which dynasty?
The Great Wall, which was built to keep invaders out of the country, was built by which dynasty?
Russia lies in which two continents?
Why did early Egyptian civilization prosper?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a state?
Using natural resources today while preserving them for future generations is an example of ______.
Recycling is an example of ______.
Carpooling is an example of going โgreenโ because it ______.
Which of the following is a direct result of deforestation?
When the atmosphere traps gasses and the sunโs heat, Earthโs temperature ______.
An increase in Earthโs temperature is known as ______.
A GIS is ______.
Making/drawing maps today is accomplished by ______.
How could a GIS be used effectively in the field of education?
If you were in charge of a safety and/or emergency service, how might you use a GPS?
If you were studying the weather for your employer and needed to analyze the effect of earlier storms, which of the following would you use?
Which of the following is an example of conserving natural resources?
Where are forests NOT located?
Which natural resource is necessary for human existence?
Which of the following is NOT true about natural resources?
What can increasing consumer demand do to natural resources?
Some of the worldโs largest salt mines are found in ______.
Antarctica lacks ______.
The effect or mark a person leaves on the environment is called a(n) ______.
Which of the following is a cause of Earthโs rapid population growth?
Dying coral reefs result from ______.
Melanoma and other skin cancers can be caused by ______.