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The strength of a base is determined by its ability to
Which is a product of a neutralization reaction?
Which of the following indicates a solution is acidic?
Which of the following is a weak base?
A Lewis acid is a substance that
Which of the following is a characteristic of citrus substances?
Water can act as an acid or a base. Because of this behavior, it is known to be
A researcher identifies an unknown solution to have a pH of 3. What characteristic does the researcher most likely write down about this solution?
How do researchers determine the strength of a base?
NaOH is a Lewis base because it
Which is a characteristic of water?
Which sequence describes the hierarchy level of biological organization?
Which class of biomolecules help transmit genetic information?
In the taxonomic system, a class is grouped into which level?
How many molecules of ATP are produced after glycolysis?
Which metabolic pathway generates the most ATP?
Which is an example of a biological study?
What is a benefit of a taxonomic system?
What is a control variable?
In a study, a researcher describes what happens to a plant following exposure to a dry and hot environment. What step of the scientific method does this most likely describe?
Which is part of the monomer structure of a nucleic acid?
Which process is anabolic?
Why are metabolic pathways cyclic?
Which would benefit from the use of a taxonomic system?
Where does the citric acid cycle occur in a cell?
Why is glycolysis a catabolic pathway?
What is a theory?
Which taxonomic level includes the least variety of living things?
A researcher characterizes a polymer that consists of glycerol molecules. What does she write in her notes about this polymer?
Why is hydrogen bonding with water important?
A researcher characterizes the amino acid chain and structure of a novel substance. What type of substance is the researcher studying?
What happens during anabolic metabolism?
A researcher classifies a newly discovered organism in the class taxonomy level. What other taxonomic level is this new organism classified in?
A researcher predicts that a new drug will lower cholesterol in people. What is this statement called?
A study was performed to evaluate which type of road salt deiced a road most quickly. What is the independent variable?
During protein synthesis in a cell, the primary structure of the protein consists of a linear chain of monomers. What is another way to describe this structure?
Which of the following helps differentiate a non-living thing from a living thing?
What standard is used to make comparisons in experiments?
_____ bonds are used to join water molecules together.
Which of the following is produced during the Citric Acid Cycle?
What is the name for the four planets in our solar system that are closest to the sun?
What are main sequence stars?
What is a galaxy?
What are giant stars?
What is the name for the regions in space where gravity is so intense that nothing can escape?
What is dark matter?
What is a light-year?
Which of the following is part of an engine?
The main function of an engine is to:
Which of the following is not a type of transmission?
Select the best summary of a crankshaft.
A dog runs out into the middle of a road and a driver swerves tightly around a corner to avoid hitting it. The car is able to maneuver the road because of:
A man decides to drive his manual truck through a city and notices that a red light is stalling for excessive traffic and pedestrians. The clutch in his car helps:
The pistons in a four-stroke cycle engine:
Which wave is associated with a ventricle systole?
Which blood group is a universal acceptor?
The mitral valve regulates blood that flows into the
Which valve regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle?
A patient presents with excessive bruising, excessive bleeding, and slow wound healing. What does the patient’s blood test reveal?
Which is the correct order of formed elements in blood from smallest to largest cell size?
What is the purpose of an electrocardiogram?
What percentage of erythrocytes is the blood composed of?
Platelets are important because they
Which heart layer is composed primarily of cardiac muscle?
What happens after the blood leaves the pulmonary vein?
Exchanges of substances like gases and nutrients occurs at the
Which substance is plasma mostly composed of?
An individual with leukemia presents with abnormally low leukocyte levels. Which is strongly correlated with this low blood cell count?
What substances transported in blood does the liver excrete as bile?
What happens after platelets aggregate at a damaged blood vessel site?
Which happens as a result of a diastole?
What segment of the electrocardiogram is associated with atrial systole?
What is the purpose of the superior vena cava?
After blood leaves the aorta, it travels to the
Which blood group does NOT display A and B antibodies in the plasma?
A laboratory technician needs to determine the leukocyte count in a patient. From which part of a blood sample are these cells extracted?
Which formed element is found in the buffy coat?
What happens after blood coagulation?
What is the densest component of blood?
Which blood group indicates the absence of an Rh factor?
Agglutination begins in a tube containing A-antibodies. What does this indicate about the blood sample?
Which blood group is a universal donor?
Why is vascular spasm important?
What blood type can a person with type AB blood donate to?
Blood oxygen levels are most likely low when blood _____.
A laboratory technician identifies a person’s blood as O+. What does this mean?
People with type O blood can accept blood from people with _____ blood.
Erythrocytes function to
Which statement confirms that the cell membrane is selectively permeable?
What is the most basic unit of structure in living things?
A researcher discovers a cell that is less than 0.5 millimeters in diameter. This cell has pili surrounding its cell wall. What does the researcher classify this cell as?
Why did it take many years for the cell theory to be developed?
Which statement is most strongly supported by the cell theory?
Which cell component is characterized as a jelly-like substance?
Which structure do cells rely on for movement?
Which is a characteristic of prokaryotes?
What organelle plays a role in assembling subunits for protein synthesis?
A cell processes the conversion of carbohydrates to ATP to help perform various biological functions. Where does this conversion occur in the cell?
Which discovery is Robert Hooke credited with?
Where does enzyme synthesis occur in a cell?
A protein is synthesized in the ribosome. Where does it travel next?
Which organelle is associated with an animal cell?
What cellular process do autotrophs rely on to obtain energy?
What organelle is only associated with plant cells?
Which organism would most likely be labeled as a consumer?
How is a plant cell different from an animal cell?
Chromosomes contain all of the information necessary to run a cell and pass on a cell’s hereditary traits to new cells. Where are these structures found in a cell?
Which cell part stores material in the cell?
What is the function of a lysosome?
Which two organelles work together to facilitate protein synthesis?
Which of the following is supported by the cell theory?
A scientist discovers a cell that has a nucleus and is 15mm in size. What type of cell is this classified as?
Which of the following is most likely absent in prokaryotic cells?
In a cell, the mitochondrion is to supplying energy as a Golgi Apparatus is to _____.
What raw inorganic material would an autotroph most likely use to create chemical energy for growth?
A chemist decides to study reactions occurring in a cell’s cytoplasm. Which of the following reactions does she observe?
If a biochemist isolates a large amount of pyruvate, which part of the cell is he working with?
Which of the following characteristics is unique to all prokaryotes?
Chromosomes line up during
What organism makes a cell plate during cytokinesis?
Mitosis is different from meiosis because mitosis
Which process is part of photosynthesis?
Which gives the correct order of cellular respiration?
How many net ATP molecules are generated by the process of glycolysis?
How many rounds of cell division occur during meiosis?
A scientist is watching a colony of bacteria on a plate, and the colony is growing. Which process is most likely responsible for this growth?
What must occur as a transition reaction before the citric acid cycle begins?
Sister chromatids are formed after chromatids…
What metabolic process helps a cell yield a large amount of ATP?
During which phase of meiosis do chiasmata structures form?
Before mitosis occurs
Which statement correctly compares cytokinesis in plants and animals?
Someone experiences a cut on the finger. Cell division is used during this situation for the purposes of
Binary fission is a method
If someone needs ATP desperately and has run out of oxygen, what could help?
A child falls down and punctures his skin. What biological process must occur to repair the damaged skin?
Sister chromatids and centromeres are found after chromatids are ____ .
What will strontium do to form a stable ion with a +2 charge?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the number of valence electrons in different elements?
Which of the following elements will gain three electrons to become stable?
Which element in period 4 of the periodic table will not react to form a compound?
How do zinc and sulfur react to form a compound?
Which of the following bonds involves elements with the greatest difference in electronegativity?
How do silicon and oxygen form a chemical bond?
What type of bond forms between calcium and iodine, and why?
Which of the following describes one way that a chlorine atom can become stable?
What type of bond forms between nitrogen and oxygen, and why?
Which of the following type of bond forms between two atoms that have similar electronegativities?
Which of the following elements will form an ion with a charge of +2 to be stable?
Which of the following bonds is the most polar?
Which of the following elements will form a polar covalent bond with phosphorus?
An atom of which of the following elements has the strongest pull on shared electrons in a covalent bond?
A spoonful of sugar is added to a hot cup of tea. All the sugar dissolves. How can the resulting solution be described?
Sugar is dissolved in water. Which of the following statements best describes the components of this solution?
Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?
A beaker contains 50 mL of oil and 50 mL of water. No matter how much the mixture is stirred, the oil and the water still separate into two layers. Which statement accurately describes this mixture?
Why must researchers consider the placebo effect?
As a variable increases, another variable increases. This describes a(n)
An electric balance measures an object’s
What is a treatment group?
A control group
What is the purpose of a placebo?
Which term is used interchangeably with negative variation?
Several participants are enrolled in a study that is evaluating the effectiveness of new drug targeted at slowing the progression of breast cancer. Some participants are asked to take the new drug and monitored over a six-month period. Others are asked to take a placebo. They are also monitored over six months. What is the dependent variable?
Why is the metric system used in science?
A student notices a pattern of stripes on five tigers. Each of the five tigers has the same stripe pattern. Using his inductive reasoning, what does he logically assume based on this information?
Three different dispersants that are used to break up oil in water are evaluated for their effectiveness. Dispersant A has a concentration of 10m, dispersant B has a concentration of 7m, and dispersant C has a concentration of 3m.
Each dispersant is separately poured into a solution of water and oil. The amount of time it takes each dispersant to disperse the oil is recorded.
Which of the following statements describes the positive correlation observed in this study?
What is used to measure the volume of a liquid?
Which is an example of deductive reasoning?
What base measurement unit is associated with reported values measured by a graduated cylinder?
A researcher wants to evaluate how different tire treads affect braking speed. How should she define her control group?
What is another term used to describe a direct correlation?
Which part of the scientific method requires a researcher to create variables?
What metric base unit is used to record mass?
If a researcher notices a negative slope while analyzing his data, what can he conclude?
A researcher notices a positive correlation between the height of a plant and nutrient concentration over time. Based on this observation, what conclusion does he reach?
A fish in a large fish tank is fed 5 ounces of food once a day. The same type of fish in a second tank is fed 10 ounces of food each day. The same type of fish in a third tank is fed 2 ounces of food four times a day. This study lasts for a four-week period where fish weight is measured weekly. What is the dependent variable?
Empirical evidence is
A researcher wants to determine the impact of sunlight on plant growth. Which measuring tool should she use?
Five tropical plants are kept at varying humidity levels in a greenhouse for three months. One plant is left outside in normal conditions. Plant height is measured weekly. What is the control of the experiment?
Deductive reasoning is a logical process based on
Which of the following best describes an electric current?
A scientist is using a compass to detect magnetic fields. Which experiment will deflect the compass needle?
Which of the following events produces a magnetic field?
Which of the following is an example of electromagnetic induction?
Region X and region Y are approximately the same size, but the magnetic flux through region X is much higher. Which statement about these regions is correct?
Which situation is impossible?
In a certain circuit, three wires connect at a node. If one of those wires carries 3 amps into the node and another carries 1 amp out of the node, what current does the third wire carry?
A voltage source does which of the following?
A positively charged object is inside a sphere that has no effect on electric fields. In what direction will the electric flux be?
A physicist is accelerating ions in a vacuum chamber to examine their behavior. Considering only effects produced by the ions, which of the following will be absent?
A 200-volt source is connected to a single 1,000-ohm resistor. What is the voltage drop across the resistor?
The electric force on a 1-coulomb charge is 25 newtons. If that charge is removed, what is the field strength at its former location?
A proton has an electron on either side of it such that all three particles lie on a line and each electron is 1 millimeter from the proton. What is the direction of the net electric force on the proton?
If an engineer converts magnetic fields into an electric potential difference, what is he employing?
A child playing with bar magnets is holding two of them close together such that the south pole of one is facing the north pole of the other. What will happen when the child releases the magnets?
Which of the following represents an electric current?
The magnetic flux near the end of a magnet is much greater than the magnetic flux farther away from the end. If the magnet moves away from a wire loop, what will happen?
The electric field at a certain location is 100 newtons per coulomb. What would be the electric force exerted on an electrically neutral object placed at that location?
A circuit contains a battery and a 2-ohm resistor. If 0.001 amps of current flow from the battery’s positive terminal, how much current flows back into its negative terminal?
What is a primary difference between intracellular chemical signals and intercellular chemical signals?
Neurohormones are hormones secreted from cells of the _____ system.
The negative-feedback mechanism that regulates the level of glucose in a person’s blood is an example of what type of hormone secretion regulation?
The shape and chemical characteristics of each receptor site allow only certain chemical signals to bind to it. This is called _____.
Which of the following hormones usually remains unchanged as a person ages?
Which two hormones promote sperm cell production in males?
Some intercellular chemical signals diffuse across cell membranes and bind to intracellular receptors. What are the two factors that enable this to occur?
What is the human body’s response to growth hormones?
Hormones from the pituitary gland act on the ovaries and the testes, causing those organs to secrete sex hormones. Which of the following is a function of sex hormones?
Which of the following hormones would cause skin color to become darker?
The thyroid-stimulating hormone’s response is an increased metabolic rate. What would be a side effect of an underactive secretion rate?
Which of the following is an effect of aging on hormone secretion?
In the negative feedback loop that regulates the levels of blood sugar, insulin is secreted to enable the human body to use the end products of digestion. What does the pancreas secrete when the blood sugar levels are too low?
Why is it important that hormone secretion is regulated?
How does the human body ensure that a hormone does not influence other cells by connecting to the wrong receptor?
For which of the following hormones would production likely increase during pregnancy?
What decreased hormone levels may play an important role in the loss of normal sleep-wake cycles (circadian rhythms) with aging?
Not all cells in the pancreas secrete insulin because of the hormone somatostatin, which inhibits the release of insulin by all cells. What type of intercellular chemical signal does this illustrate?
Which chemical signal would respond to the redness caused by an infected wound?
An intracellular chemical signal can be produced in the cell membrane. Once it is produced, where does it go?
An area on a person’s arm becomes inflamed. What type of response does this indicate?
Which of the following is one of the primary functions of the endocrine system?
What is the target of the luteinizing hormone in females?
A group of girls realize that their menstrual cycles begin around the same time every month. What chemical signal causes this?
A friend is changing the tire on her car, and the jack breaks. Her hand is caught under the car. A passerby notices, runs over, and lifts the car off her hand. Which type of intercellular signal has responded?
Which of the following symptoms could be expected in a person with Addisons’s disease?
In stressful situations, acetylcholine is produced. Which intercellular chemical signal is responsible for this action?
What disease results when the pancreas cannot uptake the glucose in the bloodstream properly?
Which hormone’s response is the increased secretion of cortisol?
During the aging process, not all hormone levels decrease; some actually increase. Which of the following is a hormone that may increase as a person ages?
Hormones are distributed all over the body but only aim for _____ cells.
An extensive network of blood vessels supplies the endocrine glands. Why is this necessary?
Which of the following best describes the behavior of an object in uniform circular motion?
Surface imperfections cause a horizontally sliding block to come to a halt. Which of the following remains as a result?
A softball player throws a ball at a moderately upward angle to the ground. Which term best describes the motion of the ball?
A car is moving east at 20 meters per second. In what direction is the force of friction?
A car at a certain point on a circular racetrack experiences centripetal acceleration to the west. What is the direction of the centripetal acceleration when the car goes halfway around the circle from that point?
An object has a constant nonzero speed but a randomly varying velocity. Which term best describes its motion?
If a stunt airplane pilot is performing a circular loop and at a certain point feels like she is being pushed upward by a force, what is the direction of the centripetal force?
The net force on a moving object is due only to friction. Which term best describes the motion of the object?
A merry-go-round is spinning counterclockwise. If a child riding the merry-go-round jumps off when he is experiencing centripetal acceleration directed southward, in what direction will he be moving when he hits the ground?
A student conducting a physics experiment drives a car with a blindfolded passenger and asks that passenger to determine whether the car’s motion is linear or nonlinear. Which experience tells the passenger that the car is moving nonlinearly?
A race car moving clockwise on a circular track is subject to friction from air resistance and contact between the tires and the track. If the driver is to maintain uniform circular motion, what must he do?
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can be a painful disorder of the digestive system. Which of the following is a symptom of IBS?
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
After a person eats birthday cake, which of the following enzymes is needed to break down the sucrose in the cake?
What is the most common cause of appendicitis?
The lining of the stomach is covered with rugae. What is the benefit of this?
What are the four parts of the large intestine in the order from the small intestine to the rectum?
Which enzyme breaks down lipids?
The cardiac sphincter opens into the _____.
Which of the following diseases causes localized inflammatory degeneration that causes the wall of the small intestine to thicken?
One of the symptoms of hepatitis that makes it dangerous is that it _____.
Where does the majority of nutrient absorption begin in the digestive system?
What organ of the body compensates when a person’s intake of vitamins decreases?
What is the first enzyme that functions in the digestive system?
What organ of the digestive system stores concentrated bile?
Digestive organs include structures such as villi and rugae. Which of the following is a purpose they serve?
The point where the small and large intestine meet is the _____.
Which of the following disorders is characterized by damage to or death of liver cells?
Where are the sublingual salivary glands located?
Which of the following organs maintains a healthy pH level when a person eats an orange?
After food has been masticated in the oral cavity, where does it go next?
Where are the parotid salivary glands located?
Which of the following is one of the primary functions of the large intestine?
Which of the following molecules is able to diffuse through the lining of the small intestine?
A disorder of the digestive system that results in the lack of absorption of nutrients is _____.
An enzyme that is produced in the pancreas and secreted into the small intestine to complete the digestion of proteins is _____.
The diffusion of nutrients through the walls of the digestive system is critical to homeostasis in the body. Where does the majority of this diffusion take place in the digestive system?
Which of the following enzymes breaks down proteins?
How is a duodenal ulcer different from an ulcer?
What is the primary function of the oral cavity?
Carbohydrates are broken down into _____.
The pancreas is technically an organ of the exocrine system. How does it benefit the digestive system?
If an organism has a total of 12 chromosomes, 12 is the _____ number of chromosomes.
What is the function of a peptide bond?
A _____ is a rod-shaped structure that forms when a single DNA molecule and its associated proteins coil tightly before cell division.
Adenine and guanine belong to a class of organic molecules called _____.
The only haploid cells are the sperm and egg cells, which are known as _____.
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Crossing two heterozygous flowers, Bb x Bb, what is the chance of obtaining a homozygous, recessive trait?
The sequence of amino acids in a gene determines
Human cells have _____ sets of different chromosomes.
Which type of RNA acts as an interpreter molecule?
The physical appearance or _____ of an organism is determined by a set of alleles.
What would be the probability of a short pea plant (ss) and a tall pea plant (Ss) producing a heterozygous tall pea plant?
What is the end product of translation?
What is the purpose of RNA polymerase?
An RNA copy of a gene used as a blueprint for a protein is called the _____.
Once RNA polymerase reaches a stop codon on the DNA molecule, the enzyme detaches from the DNA and releases the RNA molecule
The replication of DNA ends with a twisted strand called a _____.
Right before cell division, a DNA molecule and its associated proteins
What is replication?
Which of the following is a segment of DNA that transmits information from parent to offspring?
Which statement best represents Mendel’s experiments with garden peas?
Which of the following is the base that will bind with cytosine?
What is the function of a centromere?
In eukaryotes, what does transcription produce?
Several descendants in a family tree are known to have green eyes and brown curly hair. These characteristics are also known as _____ .
Samantha uses a Punnett Square to estimate what a litter of puppies will look like. She crosses homozygous dominant trait of brown fur with a homozygous recessive trait for curly fur. Which of the following most likely designates the dominant trait in this Punnett Square?
Which of the following is a component of a chromosome?
Which of the following directly plays a role in protein synthesis?
What is geology?
Which components are part of the geosphere?
What is the name for Earth’s innermost layer?
What is plate tectonics?
What are convergent boundaries?
What are transform boundaries?
What is a characteristic of malignant melanoma?
Most common types of skin cancer directly affect the _____ of the skin.
During basal cell carcinoma, the epidermal cells in the stratum basale _____.
The hair _____ is not attached to the follicle.
A dermatologist explains to a patient that a bacterial infection has affected the sebaceous glands. Which layer does this form of acne directly affect?
The hypodermis primarily composed of _____ tissue.
A person jumps after touching a hot surface. Which layer of skin was responsible for stimulating the person’s response?
What is the epidermis composed of?
Which describes the primary function of hair?
Squamous cell carcinoma affects cells in the stratum _____.
The lunula is the _____ found near the nail bed.
If a person wants to slow down the development of wrinkly skin, which of the following activities could be performed?
What is the strongest risk factor for skin cancer?
The hair bulb contains actively growing _____ cells.
Which of the following is an accessory organ of the integumentary system?
The sweat glands produce a fluid that primarily contains _____ molecules.
What part of the nail is groomed?
The apocrine glands release sweat from the _____ during periods of stress.
How many types of UV rays are known to cause skin cancer?
Which of the following structures is found beneath the dermis?
What is the process in which cancer cells detach from their localized site and travel to other organs?
A person seeks help from a dermatologist to reverse saggy, thin skin. What region of the skin does the dermatologist target for correction?
Which describes a characteristic of the dermal layer?
What is the function of the integumentary system?
Sweat that is released from the _____ during a period of anxiety must travel through the eccrine glands.
What is a property of sebum?
The next step after a cell is exposed to UV rays is _____.
What did Newton hypothesize when he watched the apple fall to the ground?
The chemical bonds found in sugar are an example of what type of energy?
What characteristic of a force-time graph represents impulse?
A carpenter’s tool falls off a rooftop and strikes the ground with a certain kinetic energy. If it fell from a roof that was four times higher, how would this new kinetic energy (just before impact) compare to the original roof?
A volleyball of mass of 2.2 kg leaves the server’s hand at 27 m/s. As the ball crosses above the 2.24m high net, what kind(s) of energy does the ball possess?
If the velocity of an object is decreased by half, by what factor is the kinetic energy reduced?
According to Newton’s equation for universal gravitation, if the mass of a planet near the sun were tripled,
The gravitational force of attraction between Earth and the sun is \(1.6 × 10^{23}N\). What would the gravitational force be if the exoplanet Kepler-289 d (whose mass is 4 times greater than Earth’s) orbited at the same radius?
Which of the following can transmit HIV?
The B cells do not directly attack pathogens or infected cells. Instead, they
Why is sexual intercourse the most common method of spreading HIV?
When a B cell encounters a foreign microbe with a surface protein that matches the shape of its antibodies, it attaches an antibody to the microbe. How does this help destroy the pathogen?
Which of the following organs was never considered vestigial?
Why is a B cell that is stimulated by an encounter with a microbe to divide repeatedly and form a large population of identical B cells a positive addition to the body’s defense strategy?
Which autoimmune disease exhibits the following symptoms: facial and skin rash, painful joints, fever, fatigue, kidney problems, and weight loss?
Why does blood provide a vehicle for transmitting AIDS?
Why is it crucial for killer T cells and B cells to distinguish cells of a person’s own body from foreign cells?
When a child breastfeeds, that child is exposed to all the “germs” on the mother. As a result, what type of immunity is the child acquiring?
Crippling inflammation of the joints is a symptom of _____.
As soon as an invader, known as a(n) _____, enters the body, the body begins to fight.
What type of cells release histamines?
Why is a vaccinated person said to be immunized against a particular disease?
How do the killer T cells recognize infected cells?
Sometimes, people complain they have become sick because of a vaccination. Why is this impossible?
Which type of immunity does the MMR vaccine provide?
HIV/AIDS disables the immune system by _____.
Why is AIDS a devastating disease?
An intensive vaccination program led to the elimination of which deadly disease?
Killer T cells and B cells are stimulated to act by a protein that _____ release.
Once the third line of defense has begun, which of the following has already occurred?
Rheumatoid arthritis attacks on membranes around the joints are an example of a(n) _____.
Allergies are a result of _____.
Which of the following diseases exhibits symptoms such as weakness, irritability, heat intolerance, increased sweating, weight loss, and insomnia?
As a person ages, the body produces fewer _____.
Why is it impossible to transmit HIV through casual contact?
_____ trigger the lymphatic system response against a pathogen without an infection occurring.
What is the source of HIV?
What is usually the first line of defense in the human body when a pathogen invades?
Antibodies attach to invading pathogens, marking them for _____.
A body’s second line of defense against invading pathogens involves both _____, which initiate alarm signals, and _____, which activate the helper T cells.
Which gland is only active from birth through puberty?
The B cells label invaders for later destruction by _____.
What is meteorology?
Which of the following is a renewable energy resource?
Which of the following is a nonrenewable energy resource?
Which phase of the water cycle is characterized by the change in water from a liquid to a gaseous form?
What is climate?
What causes the circulation of wind in the atmosphere?
What is erosion?
Which muscle causes a joint to bend?
How many muscles must work together during contraction and extension?
What does actin attach to?
What is a purpose of the muscular system?
Which muscle or region surrounded by a muscle is under voluntary control?
Which is a characteristic of smooth muscle?
A study shows that decreased calcium content possibly contributes to poor skeletal muscle contractility. Which of the following structures was most likely observed to arrive at this conclusion?
A characteristic of all muscles is that they recoil after stretching, or are known to be _____.
Which of the following describes a cartilaginous joint?
As a sarcomere shortens, the actin myofilaments move closer to the _____.
What body system must the muscular system work with to help the body move?
Muscles work together in a synchronized fashion through the action of:
What is the A-band?
What muscles do circulating hormones stimulate?
Which describes the shape of a skeletal muscle cell?
Which structure cushions bones at the point where they meet?
Which structure is found between skull bones?
What is the smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle?
What structure is reenergized with ATP?
A patient describes a dull, aching pain when moving his right arm. The pain radiates directly from the elbow. His elbow is also tender and swollen. Which of the following types of connective tissue is most likely inflamed?
Which of the following is a characteristic of all muscle types?
What substance is required to drive the slide filament process?
What encases a bundle of myofibrils?
The cytoplasm of the skeletal muscle fiber is referred to as the _____.
The muscular system is best known for:
When a flexor muscles contracts, an extension muscle _____.
Perimysium wraps directly around _____.
What happens after myosin heads attach to thin actin myofilaments?
Which is a characteristic of the epimysium?
Which structure provides bones the largest freedom of movement?
Which contributes to the striated appearance of skeletal muscle?
A vector has its tail at (9, 4) and its head at (0, 3). Which representation of the vector is correct?
Which statement about an object undergoing projectile motion is true? (Assume ideal conditions with no friction.)
Which statement about velocity and acceleration is correct?
Which description best summarizes inertia?
If a plane has a velocity that changes but is always in the same direction, which statement about its speed is true?
Which of the following most likely directly stimulates the excitation of a neuron?
What lobe helps a person interpret information received from the retinas of eyes?
What part of the nervous system controls blood vessel contraction?
Nodes of Ranvier are
What structure receives information from another neuron?
What is a major structure of the limbic system?
The nervous system works with the endocrine system to
If a person smells something sweet, what form of information is this initially perceived as in the nervous system?
Which of the following is a characteristic of an interneuron?
The hypothalamus works directly with the _____ to control the body using hormones.
What is the purpose of motor function in the nervous system?
The cerebellum helps _____.
What are the ridges in the cerebral cortex called?
An axon binds to a _____ to release hormones in the body.
Neuroglia are different from neurons because they
Which of the following are transmitted during a neural impulse?
What sense bypasses the thalamus as the CNS processes sensory information?
After calcium ions flow into the presynaptic membrane of a neuron,
How many types of neuroglia are found in the CNS?
Which structure is composed of grey matter and divided into hemispheres?
While hiking, a person is startled after encountering a bear. Her palms get sweaty and her heart starts racing. Which part of her nervous system was directly stimulated?
The occipital lobe belongs to the _____ in the forebrain.
How many ventricles is the brain composed of?
Which of the following activities are performed with help from the frontal lobe?
Which ion helps establish an action potential along an axon?
Which neuroglia produces myelin sheaths?
Which of the following fills the ventricles in the brain?
A person presents with problems remembering things and trouble speaking. What lobe of the brain was most likely damaged?
Which organ is part of the central nervous system?
Which structure controls memory?
If the somatic nervous system sends information using motor neurons, it would most likely directly affect the _____.
When do vesicles contract and move to the presynaptic membrane?
A physician prescribes a drug to help control a person’s anxiety attacks. This drug most likely targets the _____.
What is the synaptic cleft?
The maintenance of normal blood sugar is what type of feedback mechanism?
Childbirth is a response to hormones in a woman’s body. What type of feedback mechanism is at work during childbirth?
The knee is _____ to the foot.
A person wakes up with a fever. The body begins its response to locate the origin of the problem and fix it. What type of feedback mechanism is this?
Which of the following cavities contains the urinary bladder, part of the intestines, and the internal reproductive organs?
Which of the following types of tissues include cells of the immune system and of the blood?
Which cavity is surrounded by the rib cage and separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm?
What are the subdivisions of the dorsal cavity, located in the back of the human body?
Which type of tissue controls when the heart beats?
When dissecting an organ, sometimes a _____ cut needs to be made to divide the organ into top and bottom halves.
A(n) _____ is any living thing considered as a whole.
The ventral cavity (front of the body) contains _____ major cavities.
Which plane of the body divides the body into two equal halves?
Body temperature can increase in a hot environment or decrease in a cold environment. Body temperature can be considered a _____.
Which anatomical position promotes access to the stomach?
Which of the following types of tissue resembles long threads?
Which of the following organs is located in the pelvic cavity?
The breastbone, or sternum, is _____ to the chest.
In _____ feedback, a deviation from a normal value causes the system to make the deviation even greater.
The skin and linings of internal organs are examples of what type of tissue?
Which of the following regions of the body is divided into the thigh, leg, ankle, and foot?
Which type of tissue coordinates and controls many body activities?
_____ are composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions.
_____ is a point in the functioning of a human body where everything is working optimally.
Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?
Which best describes homeostasis?
The wrist is _____ to the shoulder.
What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?
Which of the following represents a substance?
What would happen if an amino acid could not pass through a lipid bilayer?
Flammability is an example of a _____.
The amount of matter that an object contains is _____.
_____ is dependent not only on the temperature, but also on the amount of substance available.
Why does oxygen diffuse out of lungs into the bloodstream?
Which of the six types of phase changes is the opposite of sublimation?
Some _____ properties of matter are color, solubility, mass, odor, hardness, density, and boiling point.
Which of the following explains the difference between chemical and physical properties?
Why are water molecules attracted to themselves?
Smelling dinner cooking from a different room is an example of _____.
_____ is the diffusion of water molecules through a membrane in the direction of higher solute concentration.
The melting point of a substance is an example of a(n) _____ property.
Which of the following is a substance?
Properties that do not depend on the amount of matter present are _____ properties.
Which of the following is being described?
The molecules move around more, and the particles are unable to hold together as tightly. They break apart, and the solid becomes a liquid.Â
A good illustration to differentiate between the two types of properties is that mass and volume are _____ properties, but their ratio (density) is a(n) _____ property of matter.
Which of the following properties is independent of the amount of matter in a substance?
What is the goal of osmosis?
Which of the following is being described?
The amount of heat that has been removed from the substance allows the particles to draw closer together, and the material changes from a liquid to a solid.Â
The new textbooks for Chemistry class are red. What type of property was used to describe the Chemistry books?
Which example has more mass than a football?
Net water movement through a membrane in response to the concentration of a solute is called _____.
What is the goal of diffusion?
Which of the following is an example of cohesion?
Under which of the following conditions will antacid tablets react faster when placed in water, and why?
Storing milk in the refrigerator slows the rate at which milk spoils. This is an example of which factor affecting reaction rate?
A chemical reaction inside a car produces the energy required to move the car. Gasoline is the fuel for this reaction. What type of reaction is this?
An enzyme called lipase is secreted from the pancreas and is responsible for breaking down fats during digestion. What is one thing that lipase does to increase the rate of this reaction?
Under which of the following conditions will an antacid tablet react faster when placed in water, and why?
Which of the following is a feature of a completion reaction?
Which of the following factors affects the activation energy of a reaction?
If two reactants collide with enough force to create the activated complex but the reactants bounce off each other without reacting, what could be the reason?
A chemist runs a chemical reaction in which melted sulfur reacts with a chunk of iron, but it proceeds too slowly. Next time, what could the chemist do to make the reaction go faster?
If two reactants collide in the correct orientation for formation of the transition state but the reactants bounce off each other without reacting, what could be the reason?
When steel wool is exposed to air, which contains 20% oxygen, the steel wool reacts relatively slowly. When steel wool is exposed to pure oxygen, it reacts much more violently and much more quickly. Which factor is being controlled in this reaction?
The ova are produced in the _____.
Sperm is combined with other components to form semen; these other components are formed mainly in the _____.
The vulva is comprised of all of the following, except the _____.
Fertilization is the result of _____.
Pregnancy typically is divided into three roughly equal periods of time called _____.
Which statement about puberty is true?
The ovaries are analogous to which component of the male reproductive system?
The female reproductive system includes the _____.
Menopause occurs _____.
The basic human body plan, with the fundamental structures, organs, and systems, is developed at the end of which period?
Fertilization usually occurs in the _____.
The ova are analogous to which component of the male reproductive system?
Where is the cervix located?
Which of the following are included in the male reproductive system?
Which of the following is generally true regarding human newborns?
Where is the male reproductive system located?
During childbirth, muscular action in the _____ is primarily responsible for pushing the baby out of the mother’s body.
The first trimester of gestation corresponds roughly to which developmental process?
Semen is composed of sperm and _____.
Fertilization (the fusing of one sperm and an ovum) results in a(n) _____.
An expectant mother’s water “breaks” immediately before _____.
Which statement best characterizes the changes that occur during puberty?
What changes occur in a female body after fertilization takes place?
Humans utilize which type of reproduction?
Hormones are primarily produced in the _____.
Prior to sexual intercourse, the penis becomes erect _____.
Circumcision removes the _____.
An embryo develops into a fetus in the _____.
How does the developing fetus primarily eliminate metabolic wastes?
Muscular contractions control the position of the scrotum, which _____.
Which forms a network around the alveoli to facilitate gas exchange?
Which statement is true regarding gas concentration of blood leaving the left side of the heart?
What structure channels food to the esophagus and air to the trachea?
Oxygen-rich blood is blood that
Which represents the correct order of airflow in the lungs?
Which organ branches off into the bronchi?
Which body system plays a direct role in supplying oxygen to cells and eliminating carbon dioxide from cells?
What process begins with red blood cells giving up oxygen to other cells in the body?
A person is diagnosed as having acidosis, a condition in which the blood pH is below 7.45. What does the doctor most likely conclude?
After the trachea, the first branch that leads toward the lungs is the
What structure is directly involved in gas exchange?
What structure changes shape during the mechanics of breathing?
Which substance determines a person’s blood pH level?
What process does the respiratory system use to facilitate gas exchange in and out of the lungs?
Where are the vocal cords located?
How many lobes comprise the right lung?
Why is it important to secrete mucous from epithelial cells?
Directly after diffusion occurs in the lungs,
The lungs have different sizes because of
Which body system works with the respiratory system to aid in blood pH regulation?
Which describes the correct order of structures in the upper respiratory tract?
As air rushes out of the lungs, the
A characteristic of alveoli is that they are
What structure plays a role in air conduction?
What happens as the diaphragm relaxes?
The oxygen concentration in blood that returns from systemic circulation is
Which organ, not belonging to the respiratory system, plays a direct role in external respiration?
What is the function of the pharynx?
The diaphragm is found
Which organ uses hairs to filter out particles that try to enter the lungs?
Which describes pulmonary ventilation?
What happens when the diaphragm moves down?
Which of the following statements describes the mass of an electron?
Which of the following describes one difference between the two most abundant isotopes of iron, iron-54 and iron-56?
Which of the following parts of an atom takes up the most space in terms of area?
An atom has 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons. Which element is it?
Which of the following isotopes of boron should be the most abundant, and why?
A neutral atom of which element has 2 electrons in the first shell and 6 electrons in the second shell of the electron cloud?
Which of the following atoms will have an overall negative charge?
Which of the following pairs of elements contains two elements in the same period?
Which of the following statements is true?
Which of the following describes a neutral atom of tin-120?
An atom has 17 protons, 20 neutrons, and 17 electrons. What is its mass, in amu?
How many electrons does a neutral atom of iodine have?
How many neutrons does an atom of silver-109 contain?
A neutral atom of aluminum has 13 electrons. How many electrons can be found in each shell in the electron cloud?
Which of the following elements is in the same family as calcium?
Which of the following parts of an atom has the largest mass?
An atom contains 15 protons, 16 neutrons, and 18 electrons. What element is it?
Which subatomic particles affect the overall charge of the atom?
In the periodic table, which element is in period 5 and group 4?
What is the charge of the nucleus of an atom?
Which of the following atoms will have an overall positive charge?
Which of the following pairs of elements contains two elements in the same group?
A carpenter needs to do trim work on small pieces of wood for detailing. He is likely to use a:
Gripping tools are generally useful because:
A boring can:
Which of the following could be used for finishing?
A woman decides to take apart a piece of furniture to repaint it, but there are a few metal nuts that need to be removed to take off the door. Which tool is she likely to use?
A man is building a bird feeder and begins by connecting two pieces of wood. Which fastener should he use?
Which bone is classified as an irregular bone?
How many bones are in the adult human body?
Bones are primarily made of _____.
Which organ does the vertebral column protect?
A histologist cracks open a tibia. While viewing the inside, what does he see?
What is a characteristic of compact bone?
At which of the following ages would ossification most likely take place to replace cartilage at the growth plate?
A person breaks a bone part of the lower extremities. An X-ray identifies it is the _____.
Where are osteons found?
Which structure is part of the appendicular skeleton?
Which of the following plays a role in bone tissue breakdown?
The skeletal system is comprised of bones and _____.
What is the function of flat bone?
Which structure protects the lungs?
What bone cell is a bone-forming cell?
What is found in the medullary cavity?
The portion of the vertebral column that has 12 bones is known as the _____ region.
Where are blood vessels and nerve fibers found in bone?
How many bones make up the pectoral girdle?
What is a benefit of bone resorption?
Osteoclasts and osteoblasts work together to play a role in bone _____.
What body system is the skeletal system most closely associated with when hematopoiesis happens?
What is the purpose of ossification?
Which of the following is a short bone?
What bone type is the patella classified as?
Which bone type is part of the axial skeleton?
Which of the following consists primarily of fat cells?
The tibia is connected to the _____.
What does the skeletal system provide?
A patient is admitted to the hospital after experiencing pain in the lumbar region. To what portion of the body does this region correspond?
Which bones fuse to form the hipbone?
A stick of butter is melted in a dish in the microwave. After it melts, which of the following statements describes the butter?
In which state of matter are particles moving slowest?
A student is recording the temperature of a solid substance as he heats it over a Bunsen burner and notices that the temperature stays constant at 62°C for four minutes. How can the substance be described during these four minutes?
If a sample of water is losing energy but its temperature is not changing, what may be happening?
In the cooling curve for any substance, the freezing point is equal to the _____ in the heating curve of the same substance under the same conditions.
During which of the following phase changes will the cohesion between the particles in a substance decrease?
Which of the following describes a sample that is boiling?
In which of the following situations does helium have the greatest amount of energy?
During which of the following phase changes will the cohesion between the particles in a substance increase?
Compare the melting points of three metals: gold (1063°C), lead (328°C), and mercury (-38.9°C). Which of the following statements is true regarding intermolecular forces of these metals?
In which state of matter are the intermolecular forces between particles in a substance the strongest?
A substance will _____ at the same temperature.
As a substance _____, the particles in the substance get closer together.
In which state of matter do the particles of iron have the lowest amount of cohesion?
What states of matter are found in a sample that is in the process of freezing?
During which of the following phase changes will a substance absorb energy?
When a sample of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) undergoes sublimation in a sealed bucket, what happens to its shape and volume?
Four cups of water are poured into a flask. What is the volume in pints?
How many kilograms are in 1,800 grams?
A storage tank is filled with 15 gallons of water. How many quarts of water is the tank storing?
A patient needs a dose of 0.3g of medicine. How much medicine is this in milligrams?
If a bag is filled with 5.0 liters of saline, how many quarts of saline are in the bag?
How many ounces are in 3 cups?
A pharmacist is preparing a 50 μl solution. This value is equivalent to _____.
How many cups are in 22 pints?
How many meters are equivalent to 45.5 kilometers?
It is advantageous to use the English system when
A scientist wants to measure how far a person can run in 30 minutes. Which of the following units should she use to record this measurement as a small number?
How many meters are in 2,500 millimeters?
Thalia wants to measure the distance a solar-powered toy car travels over time. What SI base unit should she use?
How many inches are in 35 centimeters?
How many feet are in a mile?
What is the temperature of 35°C in Kelvin?
How many grams are equivalent to a 25.0 ounce container?
One centigram of a substance is equal to how many grams?
The Celsius temperature scale
An equivalency factor of 0.001 corresponds to which of the following metric prefixes?
Roughly how many liters of blood flow through the kidneys each day?
The antidiuretic hormone ADH is known to alter _____ concentration that is excreted from the urinary system.
Why is glomerular filtrate important?
Where does fluid flow directly after leaving through the pores of Bowman’s capsule?
Which is a characteristic of the bladder?
Which structure is part of the renal tubule?
Which organ of the urinary system filters blood?
In which of the following segments do both secretion and reabsorption occur?
Which of the following symptoms related to kidney function is displayed with an impaired posterior pituitary gland?
Which describes one function of the urinary system?
Which activity is most likely associated with microscopic urinalysis?
After urine flows through one sphincter at the start of the bladder, this fluid flows through the
A medical professional needs to perform a macroscopic urinalysis on a patient. Which of the following procedures does she most likely complete?
Urine flows through muscular tubes called _____ upon reaching the bladder.
During tubular reabsorption, filtered fluid travels through the _____.
After being produced by the kidneys, where does urine flow next?
Blood flows from the renal _____ into the kidney, where it is filtered.
What is one side effect of aging as it relates to the urinary system?
The glomerulus serves as a type of ______ system in the kidneys.
When is urine formed?
The antidiuretic hormone primarily controls tubular reabsorption of which substance?
What is most likely analyzed during microscopic urinalysis?
Which describes the first step in urine formation?
What is a function of the kidneys?
Where does urine form?
What surrounds the glomerulus?
The urinary tract is composed of the _____, ureter, and urethra.
Which correctly describes how urine travels through the nephron?
Urinalysis is important because this test
Which body system contributes to the longer urethra in men than women?
Which of the following describes nephrons?
When the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present, the _____ is permeable to water.
Which of the following filtered substances is often reabsorbed into the bloodstream?
Which term best describes two atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons?
Which statement about a magnesium ion is correct?
Which of the following creates electromagnetic waves?
If the vertical distance between the crest and trough of a wave is 10.0 meters, what is the wave’s amplitude?
What differentiates an electromagnetic wave from a mechanical wave?
An observer reports seeing a large, far-off explosion before feeling rumbles in the ground. Which explanation best accounts for this difference?
Which two atoms are the same element?
A straw in a glass of water appears from some angles to bend at the water’s surface. Which wave behavior explains this effect?
If a green laser hits a mirror at a 65° angle to the normal, at what angle will it reflect?
The maximum speed of light is c. What does this fact imply?
Which characteristic of sound waves is most closely associated with a sound’s pitch?
An experimenter has two objects and knows that one of them is positively charged. If that object pushes away the other object when the two are brought into proximity, what can he conclude?
A radio wave is passing through a material with a refractive index of 2.00. What is its speed?
An infrared wave is passing through a medium with a refractive index of 4.00. What is the wave’s speed in that medium?
An ocean wave arrives perpendicularly to the length of a large shipping vessel. At the front and back of the vessel, the wave appears to turn and travel along the opposite side after it passes. Which term best describes this phenomenon?
Materials X and Y have the same compressibility, but X is denser than Y. Which statement is correct?
Which of the following best describes an atom’s nucleus?
Which situation falls in the domain of optics?
If a light ray hits a mirror with a 30° angle of incidence relative to the normal, what is its angle of reflection relative to the normal?
Two parallel mirrors are facing each other. If a light ray strikes one mirror at a 0° angle from the normal, at what angle will it reflect from the other mirror?